BACKGROUND Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a dramatic drug-induced emergency related to extensive destruction of the epidermis. There is evidence that its pathomechanism involves impaired detoxication of xenobiotics. Glutathione-S-transferase pi (GST-pi) is a phase II detoxifying enzyme involved in drug metabolization by human keratinocytes. METHOD Immunohistochemistry was performed in or...

BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and development. Phosphate (Pi) transporter genes in the Pht1 family play important roles in Pi uptake and translocation in plants. Although Pht1 family genes have been well studied in model plants, little is known about their functions in soybean, an important legume crop worldwide. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We identified and isolated a comple...

Allowable PI and PD controller gains for a class of unstable MIMO systems with input/output delays have been investigated in [5, 12]. Using the results of these studies, we propose a new method for tuning the parameters of PI and PID controllers for integrating processes with time delays. As an application of this method, we design PI and PID controllers for Active Queue Management of TCP flows...

Methods In the MONET trial, 256 patients with no history of virological failure and HIV RNA <50 copies/mL on current HAART (NNRTI based (43%), or PI based (57%) switched to either DRV/r monotherapy (800/100 mg OD) versus DRV/r + 2NRTIs. HIV RNA levels were evaluated at Weeks 2, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96: all patient samples with HIV RNA above 50 copies/mL were sent for genotypic resista...

BACKGROUND Darunavir is considered to have a high genetic barrier to resistance. Most darunavir-associated drug resistance mutations (DRMs) have been identified through correlation of baseline genotype with virological response in clinical trials. However, there is little information on DRMs that are directly selected by darunavir in clinical settings. OBJECTIVES We examined darunavir DRMs em...

A Pratylenchus neglectus population from lltah (UT3) was more virulent to Lahontan alfalfa than other P. neglectus populations from Utah (UT1, UT2) and Wyoming (WY). All alfalfa plants survived at 24 +/- 3 C when inoculated with WY, UT1, or UT2 at initial populations (Pi) of 500, 1,000, and 5,000 nematodes per plant. At Pi 10,000 with WY, UT1, or UT2, plant mortality was 15, 15, and 20%, respec...

Homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) are mobile DNA elements that are thought to confer no benefit to their host. They encode site-specific DNA endonucleases that perpetuate the element within a species population by homing and disseminate it between species by horizontal transfer. Several yeast species contain the VMA1 HEG that encodes the intein-associated VMA1-derived endonuclease (VDE). The evo...

An Arabidopsis genomic sequence was recently shown to share similarity with bacterial and eukaryotic phosphate (Pi) transporters. We have cloned the corresponding cDNA, which we named Pht2;1, and subsequently performed gene expression studies and functional analysis of the protein product. The cDNA encodes a 61-kD protein with a putative topology of 12 transmembrane (TM) domains interrupted by ...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether pan-protease inhibitor (PI)-resistant virus populations are composed predominantly of viruses with resistance to all PIs or of diverse virus populations with resistance to different subsets of PIs. METHODS We performed deep sequencing of plasma virus samples from nine patients with high-level genotypic and/or phenotypic resistance to all licensed PIs. The nine ...