The CLE (CLAVATA3/Endosperm surrounding region-related) peptide family is one of the best-studied secreted peptide families in plants. Accumulated data have revealed that CLE genes play vital roles on stem cell homeostasis in different types of meristems. Additionally, CLE genes have been found to perform various biological roles in plant growth and development, and in response to environmental...

Hormônios vegetais brassinosteroídicos – estrutura, bioatividade e aplicações: Os brassinosteróides são uma nova classe de hormônios vegetais com estrutura esteroídica polioxigenada, dotados de pronunciada atividade reguladora do crescimento vegetal. Esta revisão cobre sua ocorrência natural, os métodos biológicos e cromatográficos para sua detecção, sua biossíntese e metabolismo, a atividade b...

Communication between distant organs is an essential feature of multicellular organisms. Plants are no exception to this rule and long-range signals are involved in the regulation of many aspects of organ growth and development. In this review, we use two specific examples to illustrate this point. The first is a novel upwardly mobile hormone involved in the regulation of shoot branching. The s...

With the world's population growing at an exponential rate, pollution of ecosystem by heavy metals from anthropogenic activities poses a major threat to agricultural and food security worldwide. Phytohormones are biochemical signal molecules that alter plant responses different biotic abiotic stresses. Exogenous use microbially produced phytohormone in metal remediation stress tolerance inducti...

A large range of microorganisms can associate with plants, resulting in neutral, friendly or hostile interactions. The ability of plants to recognize compatible and incompatible microorganisms and to limit or promote their colonization is therefore crucial for their survival. Elaborated communication networks determine the degree of association between the host plant and the invading microorgan...

Predisposition results from abiotic stresses occurring prior to infection that affect susceptibility of plants to disease. The environment is seldom optimal for plant growth, and even mild, episodic stresses can predispose plants to inoculum levels they would otherwise resist. Plant responses that are adaptive in the short term may conflict with those for resisting pathogens. Abiotic and biotic...

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroidal plant hormones that play diverse roles in plant growth and developmental processes. Recently, the easy availability of biological resources, and development of new molecular tools and approaches have provided the required impetus for deeper understanding of the processes involved in BRs biosynthesis, transport, signaling and degradation pathways. ...