(1.5), high-IA (2.3), and bulk tank-IA (1.9). Corresponding values for Cheddar were 2.1, 3.4, and 2.4 and for provolone 1.6, 2.6, and 2.1. Panels detected no differences in flavor notes for the three IA types of butter. For Cheddar, sour and bitter flavor notes approached but did not achieve significance at 0.05. Provolone showed differences in buttery flavor, with both highand low-IA being sig...

Initiation of lactation and newborn piglet nursing ability are 2 factors that can influence preweaning mortality. We have developed the “immunocrit” that can assess both lactation initiation and neonatal piglet nursing ability based on the transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the sow to the piglet. To perform an immunocrit, 50 μL serum was mixed with 50 μL 40% ammonium sulfate, the mixture w...

total abstention from food and water from sunrise to sunset during the month of  ramadan, is practiced by hundreds of millions of muslims throughout the world. this pattern of fasting during ramadan is different from the usual fasting as people are allowed to eat and drink between sunset and dawn but not after dawn. the amount and type of food (rich in protein, fat and sugar) eaten during the n...