background and objectives: petroleum hydrocarbons are harmful to the environment, human health, and all other living creatures. oil and its byproducts in contact with water block sunshine to phytoplanktons and thus break the food chain and damage the marine food source. this study aims to isolate the crude oil degrading and biosurfactant producing bacteria from the oil contaminated soils of gac...

The phenylacetic acid (PhAc) degradation pathway becomes an interesting model for the catabolism of aromatic compounds. To determine the molecular basis for this environmentally important process, we did a phylogenic analysis based on the PhAc CoA ligase gene. It suggests that the PhAc CoA ligase genes are distributing widely and subject to frequent lateral gene transfer within and across bacte...

to finding out the genetic structure of iranian native horses, as animal blood samples were obtained from diverse areas of iran, in addition, 114 sequences of equine d-loop region were obtained from genbank. total dna of the samples were extracted through salting out procedure and utilized as template for amplification and sequencing of the d-loop region of mtdna. sequence analysis of the 247-b...

background and aims: rubella virus is a human pathogen that causes congenital rubella syndrome (crs) when infection occurs during early pregnancy. vaccination programs have been remarkably successful in controlling natural rubella infection and crs. moreover, ongoing surveillance for all cases of rubella and crs is a vital component of a prevention program. although the who recommends the use o...

background the occult hepatitis b infection (obi) is defined as the presence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in the sera or in the liver biopsy and the absence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) by serological test. objectives the current study aimed to evaluate the occult hbv infection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and determine hbv genotyping among the patients with abnormal alanine t...

In cognitive systems, one often distinguishes between phylogeny and ontogeny. Phylogeny refers to the initial configuration of the system and its evolution from generation to generation. On the other hand, ontogeny refers to the learning and development of a given system during its lifetime. The issue that arises in this context is the requirements for the minimal architecture for a cognitive v...