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Controversy over the role of phonics in reading instruction has persisted for over 100 years, making the reading wars seem like an inevitable fact of American history. In the mid-nineteenth century, Horace Mann, the secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, railed against the teaching of the alphabetic code—the idea that letters represented sounds—as an impediment to reading for meanin...

The direct, retention, and transfer effects of repeated word and pseudoword reading were studied in a pretest, training, posttest, retention design. First graders (48 good readers, 47 poor readers) read 25 CVC words and 25 CVC pseudowords in ten repeated word reading sessions, preceded and followed by a transfer task with a different set of items. Two weeks after training, trained items were as...

Children and adolescents with reading disabilities experience a significant impairment in the acquisition of reading and spelling skills. Given the emotional and academic consequences for children with persistent reading disorders, evidence-based interventions are critically needed. The present meta-analysis extracts the results of all available randomized controlled trials. The aims were to de...

The research aims to study the phenomenon of vocal suggestion (the sound revelation) intonation rulings, by selecting, analysing and studying a number examples in which feature was manifested. included historical views ancient modern scholars on this phenomenon, shed light relevance science with phonetic study. Then it dealt rules its impact understanding meanings Qur’an, presenting subject ten...

Background In England, instruction in systematic synthetic phonics is the first approach to teaching children read words. There little research exploring what makes successful training for despite evidence teachers' subject knowledge limited. a persisting problem of underachievement reading some regions mirrored United States and Australia. 2017–2018, Department Education (DfE) addressed poor o...