Feeding of fluorinated benzoic acids to fermentations of a Phoma sp. resulted in the biosynthesis of a series of novel fluorinated squalestatins. The feeding studies, isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities of these compounds are reported.

BACKGROUND The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes is a major public health problem today in the treatment of bacterial infections. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of eleven Cameroonian spices on a panel of twenty nine Gram negative bacteria including MDR strains. METHODS The phytochemical analysis of the extracts...

Essential oils from the leaves of two species of the genus Ocotea that occur in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acaricidal activity of these oils as well as 11 selected components and blends were evaluated in fumigation and residual contact tests against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Sixty...

Mikania glomerata is a plant used in Brazilian traditional medicine, known as 'guaco'. It possesses anti-inflammatory properties and the aqueous extracts of its leaves are indicated for the treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract. This study aimed at evaluating the antiproliferative and genotoxic effect of Mikania glomerata leaf infusions on the cell cycle of onion. The material used was...

Long-term memory (LTM) formation usually requires repeated, spaced learning events and is achieved by the synthesis of specific proteins. Other memory forms require a single learning experience and are independent of protein synthesis. We investigated in two closely related parasitic wasp species, Cotesia glomerata and Cotesia rubecula, whether natural differences in foraging behaviour are corr...

Macroalgae are considered as primary producers in ecosystem food chain. This study investigated spatial and temporal variation of three species of macroalgae namely, Laurencia caspica (red macroalga) Enteromorpha intestinalis and Cladophora glomerata (green macroalgae) on the hard substrates of the southern Caspian Sea coasts and their relation with environmental factors. Seasonal sampling pref...

Fungal root endophytes obtained from natural vegetation were tested for antifungal activity in dual culture tests against the root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Fifteen isolates, including Acremonium blochii, Acremonium furcatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cylindrocarpon sp., Cylindrocarpon destructans, Dactylaria sp., Fusarium equiseti, Phoma herbarum, Phoma leveillei, and a steri...

Mal secco disease is a vascular pathogen causing serious damage and death to the host, particularly lemon, in Citrus and related genera, in Mediterranean countries and the Black Sea region. So far, however, it is unknown in Spain, Portugal and Morocco, as well as other major Citrus-growing regions of the world. Symptoms include red strands visible in stem xylem as well as veinal chlorosis, wilt...

cladophora and enteromorpha are the filamentous green-algal genuses that have a widespread distribution in caspian sea coast. the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activities of cladophora and enteromorpha in south of caspian sea. antibacterial activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of five different gram negative and positive bacteria including staphylococcus aureus, bacillus su...