Primary Health Care (PHC) has been promulgated for over two decades as a global strategy for ensuring basic health care for all people. PHC is characterized by equity, accessibility, availability of resources, social participation, intersectoral community action, and cultural sensitivity. While PHC can be discussed as philosophy or a process, it is critical that PHC be understood as a community...

We examined the roles of the hepatitis B virus and aflatoxin B1 in the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in a cohort of 7917 men aged 25 to 64 yr old in southern Guangxi, China, where the incidence of PHC is among the highest in the world. After accumulating 30,188 man-yr of observation, 149 deaths were observed, 76 (51%) of which were due to PHC. Ninety-one% (69 of 76) of P...

The debate surrounding the function of the human posterior parahippocampal cortex (PHC) is currently dominated by two competing theories. The spatial layout hypothesis proposes that PHC processes information about the shape of space embodied in layout-defining scene features. The contextual association hypothesis rejects this notion, proposing instead that PHC responds to highly contextualized,...

To meet the demand for light sources for on-chip optical interconnections, we demonstrate the continuous-wave (CW) operation of photonic-crystal (PhC) nanocavity lasers at up to 89.8◦C by using InP buried heterostructures (BH). The wavelength of a PhC laser can be precisely designed over a wide range exceeding 100 nm by controlling the lattice constant of the PhC. The dynamic responses of the P...

BACKGROUND Primary health care (PHC)-based reforms have had different results in Latin America. Little attention has been paid to the enablers of collective action capacities required to produce a comprehensive PHC approach. OBJECTIVE To analyse the enablers of collective action capacities to transform health systems towards a comprehensive PHC approach in Latin American PHC-based reforms. ...

BACKGROUND The Government of Enugu State plans to offer free perinatal services at the primary health care (PHC) centers in order to improve perinatal outcomes in the state, but it was not clear whether there are skilled birth attendants (SBAs) at the PHC level to implement the program. AIMS To determine whether there are sufficient numbers of SBAs in the public PHC system in Enugu State of N...

Background: Most primary health care (PHC) services in South Africa are provided by registered nurses working in clinics. Workload and scope of practice of these nurses have increased in recent years, exacerbated by widespread staff shortages. However, PHC nurses often receive little support and supervision, particularly in relation to clinical practice. Doctors working at district level are us...

The priority of the National Health Sys­ tem in South Africa is primary health care (PHC). The approach involves a health system led by PHC services and includes personal and curative services for acute minor ailments delivered by PHC nurses. The nurses are also re­ sponsible for the treatment of these ail­ ments with essential drugs according to protocols as proposed in the Essen­ tial Drugs L...

A retrospective examination in South-west Scotland of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue by an immunoperoxidase technique revealed hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in eight out of 81 cases (10%) of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) and in four out of 82 cases (5%) of cirrhosis. No positive staining was found in 112 controls without overt liver disease matched for age and sex....

Numerous studies support the importance of the perirhinal cortex (PRC) and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) in episodic memory. Theories of PRC and PHC function in humans have been informed by neuroanatomical studies of these regions obtained in animal tract-tracing studies, but knowledge of the connectivity of PHC and PRC in humans is limited. To address this issue, we used resting-state functiona...