We study the spatial inhomogeneity of the Polyakov loop induced by inhomogeneous chiral condensates. We formulate an effective model of gluons on the background fields of chiral condensates, and perform its lattice simulation. On the background of inhomogeneous chiral condensates, the Polyakov loop exhibits an in-phase spatial oscillation with the chiral condensates. We also analyze the heavy q...

When the Grover’s algorithm is applied to search an unordered database, the successful probability usually decreases with the increase of marked items. In order to solve this problem, an adaptive phase matching is proposed. With application of the new phase matching, when the fraction of marked items is greater   3 5  8 , the successful probability is equal to 1 with at most two Grover itera...

In this paper, a modified form of generalized Degasperis–Procesi equation is studied by using the bifurcation theory and by the method of phase portraits analysis. Some bounded travelling waves (loop solitons, peakons, solitary waves and periodic waves) are found. Under different parameter conditions, exact parametric representations of the above travelling waves in explicit form and in implici...

At finite temperature, there is an apparent conflict between Abelian projection and critical universality. For example, should the deconfinement transition of an SU(2) gauge theory projected to U(1) lie in the Z(2) universality class of the parent SU(2) theory or in the U(1) universality class? I prove that the projected theory lies in the universality class of the parent gauge theory. The mech...

The practical implementation of the infinite-dimensional optimal estimation results presented in Part I of this series is considered. Several techniques are described in detail. Included among these is the so-called “assumed density” approximation technique. Finite-dimensional suboptimal filtering equations based on this method are derived for several of the phase-tracking/demodulation problems...

[1] We first define the phase volume of a system as the volume contained within the energy surface in the phase space and define its phase density as its derivative with respective to energy. Because of the ergodic hypothesis, the system phase density can be obtained as the convolution product of the phase densities of the individual parts; and these can again, when the energy of the parts can ...

Surface pressure and fluorescence intensity of pheophytin containing lipid-monolayers are measured simultaneously at the air-water interface. A phase separation into two distinct phases is reported. Phase 1 exists of pheophytin domains whereas phase 2 is a lipid domain containing pheophytin in molar content between 2 % and 15 %, depending on the state of the lipid. The transition of the pheophy...

A variable phase shifter using a movable waffle iron metal plate comprised of iron rods a quarter-wavelength in length is proposed. A study of the waffle iron structure was carried out and the design method for creating a structure that would achieve large phase changes, small loss, and good isolation between adjacent phase shifters is discussed. Experiments on 1-port and 2-port phase shifters ...