In this letter we propose a novel method to unambiguously estimate the phase-difference of a single-frequency signal measured between a pair of spatially separated sensors. First, we mathematically prove that, in a noiseless system, the phase between a pair of spatially separated sensors with inter-sensor spacing exceeding half wavelength (λ2 ) of the signal of interest, can unambiguously be es...

The multiplicity difference correlators between two well-separated bins in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are studied as a means to detect evidence of a first-order quark-hadron phase transition. Analytical expressions for the scaled factorial moments of multiplicity difference distribution are obtained for small bin size δ with mean multiplicity in the bin s ≤ 1.0 within Ginzburg-Landau desc...

Neurons of the barn owl's (Tyto alba) nucleus laminaris, the first site of binaural convergence, respond in a phase-locked fashion to a tone delivered to either ear. It may take longer to elicit phase-locked spikes from one ear than from the other. This disparity in delay differs from neuron to neuron and is independent of tonal frequency. In binaural stimulation, neurons respond best when soun...

In this study, the capability of the phase difference standard deviation value (σφc) to distinguish among different dark features over marine polarimetric SAR images is investigated. The σφc, evaluated between the co-polarized terms of the scattering matrix, needs only HH and VV data and can be applied also on dualpolarized SAR sensors such as the ASAR operated on board of the ENVISAT satellite...

Successive Difference Replication (SDR) is a method of variance estimation under systematic sampling. The method has been used at the US Census Bureau for important studies including the Current Population Survey and the American Community Survey. The statistical properties of SDR are evaluated in the context of other variance estimators applicable to single-phase systematic sampling. A simulat...

Polarimetric radar measurements were conducted for bare soil surfaces under a variety of roughness and moisture conditions at 1.5, 4.75, and 9.5 GIIz at incidence angles ranging from 20" to 70". Using a laser profile meter and dielectric prohes, a complete and accurate set of ground truth data were collected for each snrface conditions, from which accurate measurement were made of the rms heigh...

Localization is an important challenge for all applications with autonomous navigating devices. Systems like GPS solve this challenge for most outdoor applications but such systems are not able to operate indoors. Indoor localization therefore is an active research topic. When it comes to locating nodes that travel from indoors to outdoors most systems are overwhelmed. Thus, we propose a system...

Introduction It is well known that rigid body translations of an object in MRI will create image artifacts along the phase encode (PE) direction in standard 2-D FT imaging [1]. Methods have been proposed to take advantage of the directionality of the artifacts to improve image quality by combining images with dissimiliar artifact patterns. Two such methods are the orthogonal correlation algorit...