Recognition of apoptotic cells by macrophages is crucial for resolution of inflammation, immune tolerance, and tissue repair. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) play important roles in the tissue repair process. We investigated the characteristics of macrophage COX-2 and PGE2 expression mediated by apoptotic cells and then determined how macropha...

In order to study the antipyretic effect of inhibitors of protein synthesis, hypothalamic tissue was incubated in vitro under controlled conditions and the amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) measured in the supernatant medium. Rabbit anterior hypothalamic tissue was incubated with purified human leukocytic pyrogen (LP) and after 60 minutes the supernatant fluid was assayed for PGE2 by radioimmun...

We recently demonstrated that conditioned media (CM) from osteocytes enhances myogenic differentiation of myoblasts, suggesting that signaling from bone may be important for skeletal muscle myogenesis. The effect of CM was closely mimicked by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a bioactive lipid mediator in various physiological or pathological conditions. PGE2 is secreted at high levels by osteocytes and...

Gallbladder prostaglandin E2(PGE2) levels are significantly elevated in pathophysiological conditions, resulting in changes in gallbladder motility or secretion that may involve actions of the prostanoid in intramural ganglia. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of PGE2 on neurons of the intramural ganglia of the guinea pig gallbladder. Application of PGE2 by microejection or super...

BACKGROUND The invasion of first trimester extravillous trophoblast (EVT) to decidua is an important event in placentation. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is an essential factor for mouse implantation, and it is reported that LIF may be involved in human first trimester EVT invasion. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is also known as a critical factor for first trimester EVT invasion. In this study, we...

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (ANG II) reduce the glomerular filtration rate and ultrafiltration coefficient. Vasodilatory prostaglandins (PG) antagonize these effects. AVP and ANG II also cause mesangial cell contraction. Therefore, possible PG stimulation by these peptides and two vasopressin analogues was studied in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells. The effect of alter...

Essential hypertension (eHTN) is associated with hypercholesterolemia, but how cholesterol contributes to eHTN is unknown. Recent evidence demonstrates that short-term dietary cholesterol ingestion induces epithelial Na channel (ENaC)-dependent Na absorption with a subsequent rise in blood pressure (BP), implicating cholesterol in salt-sensitive HTN. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an autocrine/paracr...

Under conditions of high dietary salt intake, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production is increased in the collecting duct and promotes urinary sodium chloride (NaCl) excretion; however, the molecular mechanisms by which PGE2 increases NaCl excretion in this context have not been clearly defined. We used the mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD)-K2 cell line to characterize mechanisms underly...

Upon induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), neonatal ventricular myocytes (VMs) mainly synthesize prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The biological effects of PGE2 are mediated through four different G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes (EP(1-4)). We have previously shown that PGE2 stimulates cAMP production and induces hypertrophy of VMs. Because the EP4 receptor is coupled to adenylate cyclase an...

Feleder, Carlos, Vit Perlik, and Clark M. Blatteis. Preoptic 1and 2-noradrenergic agonists induce, respectively, PGE2-independent and PGE2-dependent hyperthermic responses in guinea pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 286: R1156–R1166, 2004. First published February 12, 2004; 10.1152/ajpregu.00486.2003.— We have shown previously that norepinephrine (NE) microdialyzed into the preoptic ...