Simple Genetic Algorithms are used to solve optimization problems. Genetic Algorithm also comes with a parallel implementation as Parallel Genetic Algorithm (PGA). PGA can be used to reduce the execution time of SGA and also to solve larger size instances of problems. In this paper, different implementations for PGA have been discussed with their frameworks. In this implementation, all PGA are ...

AIM To assess the effect of polyglycolic acid (PGA) plus stent placement compared with stent placement alone in the prevention of post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) esophageal stricture in early-stage esophageal cancer (EC) patients. METHODS Seventy EC patients undergoing ESD were enrolled in this randomized, controlled study. Patients were allocated randomly at a 1:1 ratio into two ...

OBJECTIVES The provisional ACR/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) definition of remission in RA requires a score of ≤1 on the patient global assessment (PGA, 0-10 scale). We explored the relation between the PGA criterion and the patient's clinical disease state in an observational dataset. METHODS Data of 512 newly diagnosed RA patients of the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring (D...

In this study, we developed anionic polymer-coated liposome/siRNA complexes (lipoplexes) with chondroitin sulfate C (CS), poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) and poly-aspartic acid (PAA) for siRNA delivery by intravenous injection, and evaluated the biodistribution and gene silencing effect in mice. The sizes of CS-, PGA- and PAA-coated lipoplexes were about 200?nm and their ?-potentials were negative. ...

Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, C Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 1 ac.cn; [email protected] Research Center for Drug Metabolism, C Changchun, 130012, P. R. China † Electronic supplementary information description of preparation of FITC-l analyses at varied doses of DMXAA, pre A15-PGA-CisPt, characterization of the p vitro release, cytotoxicity, cellular upt pharmacokinetic test...

Poly(7-glutamic a id) (PGA) production ill Bacillas suhtitis IF03335 was studied. When citric acid as a carbon source was added to a glutamic acid medium containing L-glutamic acid and ammonium sulfate, a large amount of pure PGA wEs produced. On the other hand, when glucose was added to the glutamic acid medium, a by-preduct was produced, which seemed to be a polysaccharide. Moreoyer, the mode...

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) technique and the PGA index [prothrombin time (P), γ-glutamyl transpeptadase (GG) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoAl)] in evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis in alcoholic patients.
 METHODS A total of 64 patients with long-term alcohol history were enrolled for this study. The liver ultrasonography elasticity w...

The phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba) strain SCRI1043 does not exhibit appreciable biofilm formation under standard laboratory conditions. Here we show that a biofilm-forming phenotype in this strain could be activated from a cryptic state by increasing intracellular levels of c-di-GMP, through overexpression of a constitutively active diguanylate cyclase (PleD*) from ...

Postoperative air leaks remain a major cause of morbidity after lung resection. This study evaluated the effect of a combination of polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet and alginate gel on pulmonary air leaks in rats. Four pulmonary sealing materials were evaluated in lung injury: fibrin glue, combination of PGA sheet and fibrin glue, alginate gel, and combination of PGA sheet and alginate gel. With t...

Biodegradable scaffold matrixes form the basis of any in vitro tissue engineering approach by acting as a temporary matrix for cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition until the scaffold is replaced by neo-tissue. In this context several synthetic polymers have been investigated, however a concise systematic comparative analyses is missing. Therefore, the present study systematica...