1Department of Applied Chemistry, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 2Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA 3Fuels and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia 4Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 5State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Pr...

This paper estimates changes in the energy return on investment (EROI) for five large petroleum fields over time using the Oil Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimator (OPGEE). The modeled fields include Cantarell (Mexico), Forties (U.K.), Midway-Sunset (U.S.), Prudhoe Bay (U.S.), and Wilmington (U.S.). Data on field properties and production/processing parameters were obtained from a comb...

This paper presents a new method to lubricate, cool, and evacuate chips in metalworking operations using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Water-based and straight oil metalworking fluids (MWFs) are currently being used to perform these functions even though they are characterized by high economic, occupational health, and environmental costs. Carbon dioxide above its critical temperature a...

In 1859, Edwin Drake drilled one of the world’s first commercial oil wells south of Titusville, PA, which produced 25 barrels of petroleum (then called rock oil) on its first day from a geological reservoir located 69 ft below the surface. At the time, people were beginning to recognize the value of petroleum, mostly for its ability to lubricate and illuminate. So, in a sense Drake’s gusher hel...

Phytoremediation is a promising technique for cleaning petroleum contaminated soils. In this study, the effects of two grass species (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Festuca pratensis Huds.), infected (E(+)) and non-infected (E(-)) by endophytic fungi (Neotyphodium coenophialum and Neotyphodium uncinatum, respectively) on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in an aged petroleum contaminat...

MOTOR OILS Motor oils have been utilized since the development of steam engines as a buffer between moving and static engine components. The basic jobs of the lubricant are to prevent metal-to-metal contact and to transfer heat from friction away from the contact point. During the time of steam power, one of the best lubricants available was derived from rapeseed oil. With the development of in...

The international oil companies (IOCs) in Nigeria have expressed concern over the federal government’s intention to change the laws governing the oil and gas industry including the fiscal terms. They claim that the proposed fiscal terms will affect their bottom line and trigger uncertainties in their investments in the upstream sector. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of eval...

Bacteria able to produce biosurfactants can use petroleum-based hydrocarbons as a carbon source. Herein, four biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, isolated from oil-contaminated saline soil, were combined to form a bacterial consortium. The inoculation of the consortium to contaminated soil alleviated the adverse effects of salinity on biodegradation and increased the rate of...

Supply chain management in the petroleum industry contains various challenges, specifically in the logistics area, that are not present in most other industries. These logistical challenges are a major influence on the cost of oil and its derivatives. However, opportunities for cost savings in logistics still do exist. Giant oil and petrochemical companies are undertaking a “swap” practice that...

due to the location of a domestic, industrial and agricultural zone near the caspian sea, this water body has long been under pressure and environmental threat. as a result of development of oil production activities in caspian region, such as oil exploration and extraction, a large volume of oil related pollutants is released annually into this important water body. considering the fact that h...