53 The microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has become the mainstay of non-chemical control of 54 Lepidopteran pests, either as sprays or through the incorporation of Bt toxins into transgenic crops. Given 55 the wide use of Bt, it is striking that currently only one pest species, Plutella xylostella, has been reported 56 to have developed significant resistance to Bt outside the...

We aimed to study the associations between the household use of cleaning sprays and asthma symptoms and control of asthma, in females from the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA). Data were available for 683 females (mean age 44 yrs, 55% never smokers, 439 without asthma and 244 with current asthma). Both domestic exposures and asthma phenotypes (asthma sympto...

Acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), known to have germicidal activity, was obtained after electrolysis of 0.045% aqueous solution of sodium chloride. Freshly prepared AEW (pH 2.3-2.6, oxidation-reduction potential 1007-1025 mV, and free active chlorine concentration 27-35 ppm) was tested in vitro and (or) on tomato foliage and seed surfaces for its effects on the viability of plant pathogen propag...

Spirotetramat (Movento®) is a systemic insecticide that is used to control scale insects on kiwifruit. The use of protectant copper sprays on kiwifruit has become increasingly common due to the bacterial disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. This study investigated the interaction of copper with spirotetramat and how it influenced the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat within the ...

The strong scattering of visible light by spray droplets has severely impeded the ability of optical diagnostics to probe dense sprays. X-rays interact more weakly with spray droplets than visible light; as such, multiple scattering effects are rarely important in the x-ray regime. As such, x-ray radiography (which relies on absorption) and x-ray phase-contrast imaging (which relies on subtle r...

This study provides a quantitative assessment of inhalation exposure and deposited aerosol dose in the 14 nm to 20 μm particle size range based on the aerosol measurements conducted during realistic usage simulation of five nanotechnology-based and five regular spray products matching the nano-products by purpose of application. The products were also examined using transmission electron micros...

Two-stage ignition and NTC phenomenon in diesel sprays is investigated by performing 3-D two-phase reacting flow simulations in a dual-fuel engine. Spray processes modeled include fuel atomization, droplet distortion, droplet drag, turbulent dispersion, droplet interactions in terms of collision and coalescence, vaporization, and spray–wall interaction. A validated reaction mechanism is impleme...

OBJECTIVE Despite the rapid industrialisation and urbanisation over the past 30 years, agriculture is one of the largest economic sectors in China and the unregulated use of pesticides result in extensive pesticide poisoning. The objective of this study was to analyse pesticide poisoning cases registration received by Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China. DESIG...