In calculations for the Leksell Gamma Knife, GammaPlan employs a tissue equivalent material without the presence of a skull bone, while dosimetry work is based on a polystyrene phantom. The compatibility of these dose distributions is uncertain. The Monte Carlo technique was employed to determine the radial dose distributions from a single 14 mm collimator helmet in 160 mm diam phantoms with di...

Accurate surface metrology and transmission characteristics measurements have become vital to certify the manufacturing excellence in the field of glass visors, windshields, menu boards and transportation industries. We report a simple, cost-effective and novel technique for the measurement of geometric aberrations in transparent materials such as glass sheets, Perspex, etc. The technique makes...

To assure tritium self-sufficiency in future fusion reactors such as DEMO the accuracy of TRP calculations has to be demonstrated within design uncertainties. A new neutronics experiment representing a mock-up Water Cooled Lithium Lead (WCLL) Test Blanket Module (TBM) is under preparation at Frascati neutron generator (FNG) with objective provide an experimental validation nuclear data and tran...

Since the pioneering work of Ussing & Zerahn (1951), the design of short-circuit apparatus has been modified only slightly. Such chambers generally consist of two halves, between which the epithelium is stretched. The assembly is clamped together and filled with saline, which is circulated in each half chamber by gas lift pumps, usually connected to the main chamber with plastic pipes. There ar...

PURPOSE Quantification of the effect of O-MAR on decreasing metal artefacts caused by large head metal on metal total hip arthroplasty (MoM THA) in a dedicated phantom setup of the hip. BACKGROUND Pathological reactions of the hip capsule on Computed tomography (CT) can be difficult to diagnose due to different metal artefacts. The O-MAR algorithm deploys an iterative loop where the metal sin...

For determining the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation is tissues, it is essential to have materials which behave like tissues. These kinds of materials are usually called phantom. Up to now many different compounds like water, rubber, Perspex etc have been used. Unfortunately, the practical use of each of them has had its own problems. Our suggested gelatin phantom is very similar to soft...

The head and neck is a challenging anatomic site for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), requiring thorough testing of planning and treatment delivery systems. Ideally, the phantoms used should be anatomically realistic, have radiologic properties identical to those of the tissues concerned, and allow for the use of a variety of devices to verify dose and dose distribution in any targ...

Abstract Aims Fine roots, that comprise the adjustable part of root system, are important in spatially heterogeneous boreal forest soils. We investigated soil exploring patterns Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) seedlings equal height belonging to families representing two contrasting growth phenotypes have shown fast and slow rates long-term experiments. hypothesised fast-growing phenotype would s...

Abstract The increasing organic loads, specifically biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical (COD), in water bodies has necessitated greywater treatment before disposal. Limited studies have explored sorption kinetics of BOD5 COD removal using activated carbon from palm kernel shell fixed-bed columns. This study investigated continuous removing domestic greywater. had a density 0.46 g cm−3...

Abstract This paper presents a detailed experimental and numerical analysis of free-falling particle streams impacting 45° inclined surface differing materials. The particles used in this study were glass spheres with average diameters 136 342 µm density 2500 kg/m 3 . three mass flow rates considered are 50, 150, 250 grams per minute (gpm). effect wall material on the collision process was also...