Although the name for cancer as a disease was coined by ancient Greeks and Persians, and in spite of billions of euros, dollars, and other currencies invested in cancer research, the disease remains a major killer, particularly in Western countries (1). Over half of anticancer drugs, including acetogenins, alkaloids, and terpenes, are derived from natural products, especially from the plant kin...

IT is known that the game of chess originated in India. It was passed on to the medieval West through the intermediary of the Persians and the Arabs, a fact to which we owe, for example, the expression "check-mate", (German: Schachmatt) which is derived from the Persian shah: "king" and the Arabic mat: "he is dead". At the time of the Renaissance some of the rules of the game were changed: the ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to better understand the triggers of suicide, particularly among the ancient Greek and Persian soldiers and commanders. METHOD 'Herodotus:TheHistories' is a history of the rulers and soldiery who participated in the Greco-Persian wars (492-449 BCE). A new translation (2013) of this manuscript was studied. Accounts of suicide were collected and collated, wit...

The age-standardized incidence of esophageal cancer (EC) varies from 3 to >100/100,000 per year in different provinces of Iran. This striking variation of incidence is associated with differences in ethnic backgrounds, raising the possibility that genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of EC. We compared the frequencies of polymorphisms in ten genes that have been hypothesized to have...

More than half a century has now passed since R. P. Dougherty 's significant monograph was published in 1929, summarizing what was known up to then about Nabonidus and Belshazzar. ' Certain further pieces of information about these two historical figures have surfaced in the meantime, and the present seems like an appropriate juncture at which to review the evidence and examine the relationship...

the sociological criticism was established by george lukach in the beginning of 20th century and then lucien goldmann and mikhail bakhtine have developed it. in sociological criticism the content impact is on form and social situation impact on content. so, if we study the work we can find the idea of the writer or poet and we can use it as a historical document. adi ibn zayd was in the court o...

nature displays profound preference for certain specific ratios to design her life-forms. these are geometric relationships that are transcendent and originated from sacred geometry. the view that geometry had a ritual origin is a part of a wider view that civilization itself had a ritual origin, and therefore the history of utilization of sacred geometry by man goes back to many centuries ago....

Literary genre “maqtal” came to literature from the arabs. Then it passed persians, and then Turkish literature. During time of prophet after him, wars their tragedies were called as "maqtal." The arabic word maqtal means "the place where a person is killed when he killed." XIV century specimens are richer than this one gives some materials for research. An acquaintance with Yusuf Maddah's masn...

In the Parallel Lives, Aristides and Themistocles are two antithetical characters. This opposition, already present in Herodotus’work common to literary tradition of Persian wars, is particularly emphasized by Plutarch who shapes characters endowed with opposing character traits adopt completely different behaviors towards friends or wealth. profound contrast intended highlight collaboration be...

shahanshāhnāma is one of the historical epic poems composed by ahmad tabrizi at the end of the ilkhanids’ reign. at the time, the poet was not able to openly criticize the mongols. at times, one may even think that he is praising them. on the contrary, in the hidden layers of his composition, the poet tries to show his criticism by using rhetorical and linguistic tools and praising iran and ira...