Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) attempts to image the permittivity distribution of an object by measuring the electrical capacitance between sets of electrodes placed around its periphery. Image reconstruction in ECT is a nonlinear ill-posed inverse problem, and regularization methods are needed to stabilize this inverse problem. The reconstruction of complex shapes (sharp edges) and ab...

There is low resistivity contrast between reservoir zone and host formation in geothermal fields, especially in areas where the technique of water injection is being carried out. Therefore, in low contrast area, permittivity can be one of the important reservoir indicators besides resistivity. In this study, one EM tomography method of reconstructing the resistivity and permittivity from electr...

In this work we apply the simulated annealing (SA) inversion method to the reconstruction of permittivity images from electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) data. We test the SA inversion method using static physical models simulating some typical distribution patterns of two and three-component flows. The SA-based permittivity inversions have some advantages over other approaches based on lin...

The electromagnetic properties of materials are defined from the two following constitutive parameters: permittivity, ε, and permeability, μ; ‘ε’ indicates how the medium reacts when an electric field is applied (field E of the electromagnetic wave), whereas μ indicates how the material behaves further to a magnetic excitation (field H of the electromagnetic wave). To take into account the loss...

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is based on high-frequency electromagnetic wave propagation and its detecting targets are below the ground surface (Daniels, 2004; Jol, 2009). Velocity and attenuation are two important factors describing the electromagnetic wave in the media composed of rocks or soils. Velocity is inverse proportional to the root of the permittivity while other parameters are fix...

The governing equations are Maxwell’s. The source of the current is either j = ey δ(z − z0)δ(x)f(t) or eφ δ(z − z0)δ(r − r0)f(t) (straight wire or loop of current, f(t) is a pulse). The conductivity σ(z) and permittivity ε(z) are unknown in the medium (z > 0) and are known in the air (z < 0). The source is in the air: z0 < 0. The μ is a known constant. The data are the values of E(x, y, z, t) a...

An analytical model based on an equivalent capacitance circuit for expressing a static effective permittivity of a composite dielectric with complex-shaped inclusions is presented. The dielectric constant of 0–3 composites is investigated using this model. The geometry of the capacitor containing a composite dielectric is discretized into partial parallel-plate capacitor elements, and the effec...

We investigate the interactions of polarizable solutes in water as a function of the solute permittivity. A generic and computationally efficient simulation methodology for the investigation of systems involving dielectric discontinuities is introduced. We report results for interactions between two polarizable cylindrical solutes of nanometer dimensions, which demonstrate that the interactions...

We tested an off-ground ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system at a fixed location over a bare agricultural field to monitor the soil freeze-thaw cycles over a snow-covered surface. The GPR system consisted of a monostatic horn antenna combined with a vector network analyzer, providing an ultra-wideband stepped-frequency continuous-wave radar. An antenna calibration experiment was performed to f...

Ultra-wideband pulse radar exhibits high range resolution, and excellent capability in penetrating dielectric media. With that, it has great potential as an innovative non-destructive inspection technique for objects such as human body or concrete walls. For suitability in such applications, we have already proposed an accurate permittivity estimation method for a 2-dimensional dielectric objec...