considering a) that voice communications in the HF band use 3 kHz channels; b) that security is essential for some communications; c) that scrambling is the only means of obtaining a sufficient level of security; d) that the required level of security can easily be achieved using digitized speech technology; e) that there is therefore a need for speech signal coders (vocoders) associated with H...

Even for persons who hold to the ethical acceptance of abortion practices in general, questions of detail often arise. If you assume the distinction between the physical human organism alone and the person that is associated with that organism, then you must face the question of whether it is permissible to abort a fetus if the corresponding person has come into being. We take the position that...

we assume that every act of absorption from lower level A to upper level B is followed by an act of emission from B to A. In other words, the number of atoms in state B is defined by the number in A, and by the transition probability A---B. This is in contradiction to the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium. Since in thermodynamic equilibrium the number of atoms in any state is fixed, it se...

A three-step algorithm is presented for discrete gate sizing problem of delay/area optimization under double-sided timing constraints. The problem is rst formulated as a linear program. The solution to the linear program is then mapped onto a permissible set. Using this permissible set, the gate sizes are adjusted to satisfy the delay lower and upper bounds simultaneously.

background: this study was performed to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in the livers and kidneys of cattle, sheep and goats from a mining region in the west of iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 90 samples were collected from the livers and kidneys of cattle (n=30), sheep (n=30) and goats (n=30) from a slaughterhouse in hamedan city, western iran. lead, cadmium, manganese, zinc,...

The investigation of occupational Noise in a Petrochemical industry has been carried out. The noise levels were measured following standard procedure using calibrated sound pressure level meter Smart Sensor (Model AR854), Noise levels were measured at Gas plant, Olefin plant area, and Preform machine area of a petrochemical industry then questionnaires were designed to determine the health impa...