Fibroblast heterogeneity applies to both phenotypic and functional properties exhibited by a fibroblast population within or across tissues (Mc Culloch et al) There is significant evidence that fibroblasts are heterogeneous with respect to functional properties, and that certain subpopulations of these cells may be clonally selected and expanded in diseased tissues. There are wide variations of...

The principal reason of gingival inflammation is bacterial plaque, along with other predisposing factors. These predisposing factors are calculus, malocclusion, faulty restorations, complications associated with orthodontic therapy, self- inflicted injuries, use of tobacco & radiation therapy. The contributing factors to gingival inflammation & periodontal destruction are deficient dental resto...

Considering the cellular density of periodontium, its vascularity is al)nlidant (PROVENZA ET AL, Oral Sutrg 13: 157-164, 1974) ivliicli ieflects the piecsonice of twvo periplei-allv locatedl celluilar laxers of honle des elopment and cemenital clepositioti, piocesses wshich N hen active hav Ihigh metabolic iequiiemetits. I'le mictocii-culatorv bed of the periolonititim serses funlctionally for ...

Sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone are responsible for physiological changes in women at specific phases of their life. Menopause is associated with symptoms of estrogen deficiency. Estradial levels fall gradually in the years before menopause. Levels of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) begin to rise and the levels of sex hormones begin to fluctuate. This ...

Proteinase-activated receptors 1 (PAR1) and 2 (PAR2) are the most highly expressed members of the PAR family in the periodontium. These receptors regulate periodontal inflammatory and repair processes through their activation by endogenous and bacterial enzymes. PAR1 is expressed by the periodontal cells such as human gingival fibroblasts, gingival epithelial cells, periodontal ligament cells, ...

Embolization of the maxillary artery (MA) is a common treatment modality for refractory epistaxis. Tissue necrosis after embolization of the MA is a rare complication. Here, we reported the first case of the development of necrosis of soft tissue and alveolar bone in the periodontium after embolization. A 48-year-old man with poor oral hygiene and a heavy smoking habit was referred to our clini...

Periodontal diseases are among the most frequent diseases affecting children and adolescents. These include gingivitis, localized or generalized aggressive periodontitis (a.k.a., early onset periodontitis) and periodontal diseases associated with systemic disorders. The effects of periodontal diseases observed in adults have earlier inception in life period. Gingival diseases in a child may pro...

Introduction Periodontal tissue is a complete and complex system not only includes cementum/periodontal complex, but also periodontal/alveolar complex which is more significant for tooth regeneration. Numerous therapeutic measures have been utilized over the years in an attempt to achieve predicable periodontal regeneration. However, limitations of current regeneration modalities in both predic...

The advancement of molecular mediators or biologic agents has increased tremendously during the last decade in periodontology and dental implantology. Implant site development and reconstruction of the lost periodontium represent main fields in which these molecular mediators have been employed and investigated. Different growth factors trigger different reactions in the tissues of the periodon...