Abstract The lack of mailed dosimetry audits proton therapy centres in Europe has encouraged researchers EURADOS Working Group 9 (WG9) to compare response several existing passive detector systems therapeutic pencil beam scanning. Alanine Electron Paramagnetic Resonance from 3 different institutes (ISS, Italy; UH, Belgium and IFJ PAN, Poland), natLiF:Mg, Ti (MTS-N) Cu, P (MCP-N) thermoluminesce...

Surveys of faint galaxies at high redshifts often result in a “pencil-beam” geometry that is much longer along the line-of-sight than across the sky. We explore the effects of this geometry on the abundance and clustering of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) and Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) based on cosmological N-body simulations which adequately describe the nonlinear growth of structure on small scales...

PURPOSE To investigate the necessity of the verification of dose distributions using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for proton therapy of head and neck patients and other complex patient geometries. METHODS TOPAS, a TOol for PArticle Simulations that makes MC simulations easy-to-use for research and clinical use and is layered on top of Geant4, has been used to simulate the treatments of head a...

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are currently the best probes of the dark energy in the universe. To constrain the nature of dark energy in a model-independent manner, we allow the density of dark energy, ρX (z), to be an arbitrary function of redshift. Using simulated data from a space-based supernova pencil beam survey, we find that by optimizing the number of parameters used to parametrize the d...

We have used integral two-point spatial correlation function and its second derivative to analyze the distribution of quasars in three very deep surveys published in the literature. Statistically significant (∼ 2 − 3σ) correlations were found at scales of ∼ 50 − 100h Mpc in all of the analyzed surveys. We have used the friend-of-friend cluster analysis to show that these correlations can be exp...