In the past decade international and national environmental policy and action have been dominated by issues generally defined as global environmental problems. In this article, we identify the major discourses associated with four global environmental issues: deforestation, desertification, biodiversity use and climate change. These discourses are analysed in terms of their messages, narrative ...

Monetary policy is said to be formulated with the three-fold objectives of achieving sustainable growth, keeping inflation within limits and controlling external imbalances. In this paper, we have done a study such cases wherein economic environment has been tough in India, policy, actions were taken by central bank country during those times, either, rescued from crisis, or prevented crisis ha...

In the last five years, medical care policies for prisons in the Argentine Federal Penitentiary Service were developed by the previous Medical Care Assistance Office of this Institution to improve primary medical healthcare. Policies were applied with heterogeneous criteria in comparison to the ones established by the Ministry of Health. This may be why I am interested in taking a deeper look a...

This article challenges a prevailing view that diminished electoral prospect of the incumbent UPA government is the result of neglecting growth to launch populist welfare schemes. We look at a wide range of economic indicators to show that compared to the NDA regime, the UPA period has been characterised by faster growth, higher savings and investment, growing foreign trade and capital inflows,...

The mean voter theorem suggests that all parties should rationally converge to the electoral center. Typically this leads to an outcome which is unattractive to the rich. This paper develops a general stochastic model of elections in which the electoral response is a¤ected by the valence (or quality) of the candidates. Contributions made by policy-motivated activists can in‡uence valence, leadi...

Crisis management (prevention, preparedness, response, and reconstruction) is a tough task for political and bureaucratic leaders. This article documents the persistent tensions between the expectations and realities of crisis leadership. It explores the popular notion that crises provide key opportunities for reform. The very occurrence of a crisis is then thought to expose the status quo as p...

Methods Law regulations defining organizational structure of the system originate from Polish Penal Code, Penal Executive Code, Prison Services Act, Mental Healthcare Act (MHA) and relevant Ordinances. Epidemiological data have been extracted from statistical records of the Healthcare Bureau of the Central Executive of the Prison Services and sparse epidemiologic studies conducted recently in s...

The rise of populism represents a threat to constitutionalism, democracy, and the rule law. Populist governments are international legal order authority agreements. This article will, therefore, look at serious law that is presented by populism. fundamental institutions, multilateralism, funding received NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) based on promotion populist edicts merely matter...