Much attention has been focused on the role of teachers and curriculum materials in scaffolding learners. However, a growing area of focus is on the potential of computer software to provide cognitive support for learners engaging in complex intellectual activities. A substantial amount of research and development in this area, particularly at the University of Michigan, has focused on scaffold...

The didactical metaphor of scaffolding has become so ubiquitous in the rhetoric of education researchers and practitioners, that its meaning has become diffuse, its theoretical rationale unquestioned, and its pedagogical operationalization vague (Pea 2004). We submit that scaffolding is a victim of its own popularity: its adoption by multifarious and even competing theories of learning has rend...

Scaffolding is a widely used educational practice in which directed instruction gradually decreases as student competence increases—resulting in increased independent learning. This research introduces and evaluates an MR-based system for technology-mediated scaffolding in anesthesia education. Through merging real and virtual objects, the system addresses a vital problem in merging abstract an...

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are highly effective at fostering learning gains across a broad range of educational domains (VanLehn, 2011; Woolf, 2008). Tutorial planning is a critical component of ITSs, controlling how scaffolding is structured and delivered to learners. Tutorial planners operate at multiple levels, including the macro-level (e.g., selecting problems for learners to solv...

In a controlled experiment using Comrade, a computer-supported peer review system, student reviewers offered feedback to student authors on their written analyses of a problem scenario. In each condition, reviewers received a different type of rating prompt: domain-related writing composition prompts or problem/issue specific prompts. We found that the reviewers were sensitive to the type of ra...

A reliable assessment strategy for allocating different summative marks for individual contributions in groupwork is a perennial problem that using the TeCTra online tool can resolve. By collecting weekly quantitative and qualitative data to support the individualising of contributions and summative marks the tool supports and scaffolds the students’ learning of self and peer assessment underst...

The aim of this study is to examine the use scaffolding improve online group-work presentations in English literature classes. Different stages action research such as planning, acting, observation, and reflection are described detail. Three activities (questioning, feedback, providing digital resources) were used present study. Qualitative analysis reveals that teachers' found be useful suppor...

We describe a pilot study that explores whether or not medical students can understand visual representations of expert thinking. This research builds upon our previous work in developing a methodology to support knowledge elicitation and knowledge validation in the ill-defined domain of medical case-based instruction [1]. Second-year medical students were assigned to one of two feedback condit...

GPCRs play a key role in transmembrane signaling and are involved in many physiological processes, such as regulation of behavior, heart rate and the immune system. Therefore they are very important targets for pharmaceutical agents. Our project focuses on the b2 Adrenergic Receptor [1,2] (b2AR). The b2AR is mainly involved in vasodilation and bronchodilation in the human body. The recently sol...

Abstract Online peer feedback has become prevalent in university writing classes due to the widespread use of learning technology. This paper reports an exploratory study Chinese-speaking undergraduate students’ experiences receiving and reflecting on online for text revision English as a second language (L2) classroom at northeastern-Chinese university. Twelve students were recruited from in-p...