Primary health care is defined as “primary contact, continuous, comprehensive, and coordinated provided to the population without differentiation by gender, disease, or organ system”. Versatility, part of medical school curricula, intrinsically important for those pursuing careers with a significant primary component, such family medicine, emergency therapy, pediatrics. Otolaryngology an specia...

Context Transition of young people from child to adult healthcare services has been the subject of much research. Despite the available evidence, young people continue to experience difficulties when transferring to adult care. Much of the previous research has focused on children and young people with specific conditions and has used small sample sizes, which limit the ability to generalise re...

Ethical guidelines recommend that experimental interventions should be tested in adults first before they are tested and approved in children. Some challenge this paradigm, however, and recommend initiating paediatric testing after preliminary safety testing in adults in certain cases. For instance, commentators have argued for accelerated testing of HIV vaccines in children. Additionally, HIV ...

Simulation validity depends on how well sampling distributions used reflect real-patient characteristics, such as drug adherence, disease progression, and pharmacologic handling in the body. We challenge the current use of growth charts from nondisease-specific pediatrics in simulations for drug development. Complementary use of data from clinical trials and the real-world is expected to achiev...

Ritu Walia, MD1, Assistant Professor Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Nicholas Mulhearn, DO1, Pediatric Resident. Raheel Khan, MD, Associate Professor Pediatrics, Chairman, Department of Pediatrics. Carmen Cuffari MD 2, Associate Professor Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology 1University of West Virginia School of Medicine, 2 The Johns Hopkins School of Medic...

BACKGROUND The International Network of Paediatric Surveillance Units (INoPSU) was established in 1998 and met formally for the first time in Ottawa, Ontario in June 2000. OBJECTIVES To document the methodology and activities of existing national paediatric surveillance units; the formation of INoPSU; the diseases studied by INoPSU members; and the impact of such studies on education, public ...

Child development is a unique and continuous process that is impacted by genetics and environmental factors. Gut microbiome changes with development and depends on the stage of gut maturation, nutrition, and overall health. In spite of emerging data and active study in adults, the gut-renal axis in pediatrics has not been well considered and investigated. This review will focus on the current k...

Dose selection is one of the key decisions made during drug development in pediatrics. There are regulatory initiatives that promote the use of model-based drug development in pediatrics. Pharmacometrics or quantitative clinical pharmacology enables development of models that can describe factors affecting pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics in pediatric patients. This manuscript describes...

Karen W. Hoover1 and Justin D. Radolf2 1Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and 2Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Immunology, and Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, F...