abstract background: in vivo measurements of applied dose during radiotherapy treatment, is important to ensure accurate dose delivery to patients. uncertainty in dose delivery should fall within ±5% of the prescribed dose as recommended by icru. assessment of dose for radiotherapy applications performed with various types of detectors. in this study, semiconductor diodes were used which have s...

Brain tumors are the second most common group of childhood cancers, accounting for about 20%-25% of all pediatric tumors. Deregulated expression of the MYC family of transcription factors, particularly c-MYC and MYCN genes, has been found in many of these neoplasms, and their expression levels are often correlated with poor prognosis. Elevated c-MYC/MYCN initiates and drives tumorigenesis in ma...

BACKGROUND Young age at diagnosis and treatment with cranial radiation therapy are well studied risk factors for cognitive impairment in pediatric brain tumor survivors. Other risk factors are hydrocephalus, surgery complications, and treatment with intrathecal chemotherapy. Female gender vulnerability to cognitive sequelae after cancer treatment has been evident in some studies, but no earlier...

High-throughput genomic technologies have shed light on the biologic heterogeneity of several pediatric brain tumors. The biology of the four common pediatric brain tumors-namely medulloblastoma; ependymoma; high-grade glioma (HGG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma; and low-grade glioma-is highlighted in this CCR Focus article. The discovery that medulloblastoma consists of four diffe...

Brain tumors represent the most common solid neoplasm in children and second most common pediatric malignancy overall, following leukemia. Outside of infancy, the majority of primary childhood brain tumors occur in the infratentorial compartment and include medulloblastoma, juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA), ependymoma, and brainstem/ pontine glioma; atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) i...

The incidence of cancer in the United States in children under 15 years of age has risen in recent years (Ries et al., 1991). This is largely due to the increased incidence of lymphoblastic leukemia and tumors of the brain and nervous system, as opposed to Wilms tumors, soft tissue and bone sarcomas, lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease or other malignancies of childhood. Between 1973 and 1988, the ...

Neurocognitive disorders are a common long-term effect in brain tumor survivors. The rate of intelligence quotient (IQ) decline is associated with a several risk factors, including tumor location, younger age at time of treatment, treatment intensity, in particular use of radiotherapy and radiotherapy dose, as well as clinical variables such as hydrocephalus and presence of epilepsy. Demyeliniz...