Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus responsible for lymphoproliferative disorders in cattle. Although infections of BLV in animals are well known, little is known about its capacity to infect humans. This study investigated the presence of anti-BLV antibodies and BLV proviruses in human and cattle samples. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-BL...

Recently developed PCR-based reverse transcriptase (RT) assays are useful in the detection of retroviruses since they are approximately a millionfold more sensitive than conventional RT assays. However, these assays are both labor- and time-intensive. The previously described product-enhanced reverse transcriptase (PERT) assay involves a two-step RT-PCR followed by detection and quantitation of...

objective: helicobacter pylori is to blame for one of the most common chronic infections in humans and can cause peptic ulcer, gastritis, duodenitis and non-ulcer dyspepsia. developing a reliable test to detect the infection is of great importance. for a variety of reasons, the existing tests including the stool culture, biopsy, pcr, and urea breath test are not up to par. the pcr-elisa test is...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral affects all cloven- hoofed animals. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological situation of FMD in Egypt during 2017 and 2018, based on antigenic genetic characterizations virus (FMDV). Thirty oral epithelia were collected from vaccinated animals (14 native cattle 16 water buffaloes) showed clinical signs four Egyptia...

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-PTLD) is a known and serious condition for the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This study evaluated the prevalence of EBV in umbilical cord samples of healthy pregnant women in Baghdad, Iraq.  Methods: 800 umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples were collected from healthy pregnant women. The ...

Backgrounds: Neospora caninum is an Apicomplexan parasite. It causes paralysis and neuromuscular disorders in dogs and abortion in cattle. Although contamination with N. caninum is common in stray dogs, most of the dogs are infected with subclinical neosporosis. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of N. caninum in multiple tissues and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) u...

Goal. Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) infects naturally a wide range of herbaceous and woody plants, different species trees, shrubs, horticultural, ornamental, weed plants causes significant economic losses in many hosts countries. CLRV on elderberry was reported Europe, USA, Iran North America. Recently this has been detected sour sweet cherry fruit orchards Ukraine. Testing other than Prunus p...

Due to the lack of a rapid, simple, and inexpensive assay for detecting alphavirus infections, we combined a reverse transcription-PCR with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (RT-PCR-ELISA) to identify human pathogenic alphaviruses that are endemic in the New World. By combining the sensitivity of PCR, the detection simplicity of ELISA, and the specificities of DNA probes, this method rapidly...

A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay has been developed to detect varying levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease. This assay allows for the direct enumeration of bacterial DNA or RNA copy number within tissues and body fluids. The assay can be applied non-lethally and can be used to determine whether R. salmoninarum is transcriptio...