This study focuses on the spatial characteristics of the economic impact of a wine sector on rural and urban local areas. It is applied to the Bordeaux vineyard. A model associating a gravity analysis of indirect effect diffusion and a hierarchical urban system is used to analyse agriculture-industry linkages. Results indicate that the economic impact of winery activities are mainly concentrate...

today, the development of agricultural industries, especially small and efficient agricultural sector has been paid more attention. the development of rural industries in the country led to job creation and absorption of surplus labor force in agriculture and also resulted in more exports and foreign exchange. this paper evaluates development indicators of process industries and accesses to reg...

Costs of administering old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) are of interest both to specialists in income maintenance and to the general public. This article presents a summary of these expenses compared with several important bases: Contribution income, benefit payments, and taxable payroll. An index is developed and used to analyze changes in administrative expense levels from...

In this paper we investigate whether the differential evolution of child labor across Brazilian states between 1980 and 2000 can be explained by their different patterns of specialization in industries where children have a comparative advantage. We find that the adoption of different industries mixes by different states accounts for 20% to 30% of the observed variation in child labor in rural ...

Introduction Informal patient payments for healthcare are common in the Western Balkans, negatively affecting public health and healthcare.   Aim To identify literature from the Western Balkans on what is known about informal patient payments and bought and brought goods, to examine their effects on healthcare and to determine what actions can be taken to tackle these payments.   Methods After ...