the significance of spatial heterogeneity in understanding ecological processes has been recognized long ago. one of the earliest expressions of this recognition is the habitat heterogeneity hypothesis that links spatial  heterogeneity to niche vegetation patterns formation and species coexistence. yet, an  important if not crucial  aspect of landscape heterogeneity has escaped deep considerati...

Abstract This study investigates the potential of surface-patterned membranes in replacing conventional feed spacer-assisted filtration process. Two types surface patterns, namely diamond (D) and honeycomb (HC), were utilized fabrication membranes. These showed larger effective membrane area higher average porosity when compared to flat PES membrane. The D-Patterned HC-Patterned achieved pure w...

In this paper, an observation on the toe pad of a newt was carried out. It was found that the pad surface is covered with an array of polygonal cells separated by channels, similar to those of a tree frog's pad. With this micro-structure, a newt can move on wet and smooth surfaces without slipping. Inspired by the surface structure of newt toe pads, elastic micro-patterned surfaces were fabrica...

Optimization of the structure cathode catalyst layers (CCLs) for promoting transfer reactants and products in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) is important improving cell performance. In this study, using theoretical equations, we confirmed that shortened proton conduction path ionomer layer (IL) with a 3D-patterned structure, compared to IL flat-patterned can improve We experimentally in...

Recent advances in surface engineering and soft lithography provide tools to fabricate patterned surfaces and microfluidic devices with dimensions comparable to the sizes of single mammalian cells. These technologies enable the studies of individual cells on spatially well-defined, patterned surfaces, and in contact with patterned liquid media. They provide information about cells impossible to...

We analyze the question of existence of asymptotic cumulative probabilities for monadic second order deenable properties of nite algebras. We focus our attention on the directly representable varieties and on the variety of groups. We prove in a very strong way that some recently proven rst-order 0{1 laws and limit laws for these varieties cannot be extended to monadic second order logic. Namel...

We investigate the slip boundary condition for flows past a chemically patterned surface. Molecular dynamics simulations show that fluid forces and stresses vary laterally along the patterned surface. A subtraction scheme is developed to verify the validity of the Navier slip boundary condition, locally, for the patterned surface. A continuum hydrodynamic model is formulated using the Navier-St...

Here we describe a method of patterning electroluminescent (EL) polymers using micromolding in capillary (MIMIC). MIMIC is the one of the lithographic methods based on the microfludics among the soft lithography using a patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer. The patterned microstructures of poly(dioctylfluorene) (PDOF), poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV), and poly(2methoxy-5-2 0-ethylh...

The effects of a patterned substrate on island nucleation are investigated using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Two different models are formulated by incorporating an inhomogeneous energy surface into the basic solid-on-solid model of epitaxial growth to describe surface diffusion and consequent island nucleation on a patterned substrate. These models are related to two examples of real syst...