Increased cost of tobacco cultivation is a major concern for its sustainable production in Iran. Therefore, the development of tobacco mechanized cultivation is a necessity. Given this, the driving and inhibiting factors of the development of mechanized tobacco cultivation were investigated by the Delphi technique in three rounds in Guilan Province, Iran. Nineteen experts from the Jahad Agricul...

nowadays the methods that for determining the optimal planting crops are used often in order to increase farmer's prosperity and take steps to maximize their profits, while the neglect of damaging effects environmental can adverse consequences and a lot of problems for future generations of mankind create. therefore, choice a method that could help saves the environment multiple managers&a...

due to limitation of available water and soil resources in iran, the challenge of optimizing the utilization of these resources has become more significant. one of the solutions to the economic, planning and optimization of water use and achieve the optimum level of water use is associated with improved farming activities and this is the most important agricultural research needs. the study of ...

due to the special nature of agricultural activities and results of decisions influenced by the risk and uncertainty of these activities, consideration risk is essential in planning for agriculture sector. interval-valued fuzzy programming approach is advantage of in this study for considering the conditions of uncertainty and additionally emphasizing on the limitation of water resources in def...

Water resources sustainability is one of the major issues in the agricultural sustainability. In this study sustainability of water resources has been investigated by use of linear and non-linear models in six models based on optimal utilization of water resources in the north parts farms of Iran because of incorrect use of agricultural water resources, from 2011 to 2012. Also “gross margin per...

In general, morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties of fungal cells are drastically different among solid-state (SSC), liquid-surface (LSC), and submerged cultivation (SmC) systems. In addition to these traditional cultivation systems, a unique liquid-surface cultivation [liquid-surface immobilization (LSI)] system and interface cultivation systems [extractive liquid-surface im...

Poria cocos WOLF), belonging to the Polyporaceae in basidiomycetes, forms sclerotia on the roots of such trees as pine, cedar, fir and oak. The major host plant of this fungus in Japan, China and Korea is the pine and the dried sclerotium of W. cocos is called “Bukuryo” in Japanese. In the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the external layer is usually mostly removed. It is one of the most important crud...