application of optical radiation such as laser and other short wavelength radiation for inactivation of many food-borne pathogen microorganisms in food industry (as major challenges in the food industry and so that many diseases are resulted from this food contamination) was known as a new technology. material and methods: effects of green continuous waves lasers on structural (using sds-page m...

Wastewater treatment produces solid residuals. Land application provides a sustainable, beneficial alternative for solids disposal, but it increases the threat of public exposure to disease. As such, regulatory agencies in many countries limit the number of pathogens allowable in residuals. One of the most common and resistant pathogens is the egg of the intestinal parasitic worm, Ascaris. Alka...

Xist RNA inactivates one mammalian X chromosome (the Xi) by associating with it in cis. The mechanism of this interaction is unresolved. Jeon and Lee (2011) now show that YY1 binds both Xist RNA and DNA, thereby providing a mechanism to anchor Xist to the Xi and facilitate X chromosome inactivation.