BACKGROUND Chlorosis of leaf tissue normally observed during pathogen infection may result from the degradation of chloroplasts. There is a growing evidence to suggest that the chloroplast plays a significant role during pathogen infection. Although most degradation of the organelles and cellular structures in plants is mediated by autophagy, its role in chloroplast catabolism during pathogen i...

Predicting the magnitude of enemy release in host-pathogen systems after introduction of novel disease resistance genes has become a central problem in ecology. Here, we develop a general quantitative framework for predicting changes in realized niche size and intrinsic population growth rate after introgression of disease resistance genes into wild host populations. We then apply this framewor...

conclusions finally, it can be suggested that the extracts of this plant be applied as antimicrobial agents against these pathogens, particularly in biofilm forms. results the results showed that the a. sativum l. extract discs did not have any zone of inhibition for the tested bacteria. however, the mic values of a. sativum l. extracts (0.078 - 2.5 mg/ml) confirmed the high ability of these ex...

different species of streptomyces are common in most types of soil. some certain species are plant pathogenic especially on potato. this study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity among some local streptomyces spp. strains isolated from soil and infected tubers in potato farms in northwest of iran. repetitive dna elements (box, eric and rep) as genetic markers were used for diversity stu...

background :  a large number of plants are used for treatment of diseases because of their antimicrobial activities. this study aims to investigate the antimicrobial effects of some plants on the food pathogenic bacteria.   methods : plant extracts were obtained using the rotary system, the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) by diluting method against bacteria was determined.   results :   ...

antimicrobial resistance in pathogens not only in hospitals but also in the community has become an important public health problem. the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of predominant pathogens from hospitalized and outpatients in a university hospital in tehran, iran. a total of 820 samples of common gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were collect...

introduction: the presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens in organic fertilizers causes health problems and disease transmission. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of vermicomposting process in improve the microbial quality of the compost produced. methods: this experimental study was conducted as a pilot-scale one, in the laboratory of school of health. in orde...