The high performance of today's digital phase-lock loop makes it the preferred choice for generation of stablee low noisee tunable local oscillators in wireless communications applicationss This paper investigates the design of passive loop filters for Frequency Synthesizers utilizing a Phase-Frequency Detector and a current switch charge pump such as National Semiconductor's PLLatinum TM Serie...

In this paper, Tow Thomas universal filter based on current controlled conveyor (CCCII) is presented. The proposed configuration utilizes six CCCII-s, two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors. The circuit enjoys a number of advantages: composed of solely minus type of current conveyors, offers high input impedance, uses all grounded passive components, independent electronic control o...

In this paper we present a new voltage-mode (VM) multifunction filter configuration using only two four terminal floating nullors (FTFNs) and five passive elements. The circuit with a single input and three outputs can simultaneously realise lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP) and highpass (HP) filter responses. The natural frequency ( 0 ω ) and the bandwidth ( /Q ω0 ) can be orthogonally controlled. T...

This paper, the first of the two parts, presents coupling techniques for implementation of high order narrow-bandwidth bandpass filters from micromechanical resonators using electrical coupling elements. Active and passive coupling elements are used in this work to implement high order resonant systems from individual MEMS resonators. The concept of passive coupling of resonators using capacito...

Key blocker requirements of software defined radio receivers are identified from first principles. Three challenges are derived from these requirements, the need for passive filter banks or tunable passive filters, a very highly linear RF front-end and a high performance analog-todigital converter. Each of these challenges is analyzed regarding possible solutions in the context of state-of-the ...

Researchers measure biomarkers as a reflection of patient health status or intervention outcomes. While blood is generally regarded as the best body fluid for evaluation of systemic processes, substitution of saliva samples for blood would be less invasive and more convenient. The concentration of specific biomarkers may differ between blood and saliva. The objective of this study was to compar...

This paper presents a new mixed-mode (including voltage, current, transadmittance, and transimpedance modes) biquad filter using only two differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs), two grounded capacitors and three grounded resistors, which are the least number of active components and the minimum number of grounded passive components necessary for realizing current-mode (with high output ...

This report describes an adaptive state estimator that can significantly improve the passive range and depth determination of a randomly maneuvering target. The target in this study is a submarine, which, while being tracked, performs large-magnitude depth changes at times unknown to the tracking submarine. Present passive tracking techniques usually utilize a Kaiman filter to process the azimu...

For decades, the defense business has been plagued by not having a reliable, deterministic method to know when the Kalman filter solution for passive ranging application is reliable for use by the fighter pilot. This has made it hard to accurately assess when the ranging solution can be used for situation awareness and weapons use. To date, we have used ad hoc rules-of-thumb to assess when we t...