Relations between time perception and Type A behaviour were investigated. Extreme Type A (n = 26) and B (n = 28) male college undergraduates rated the appropriateness of 158 adjectives as descriptors of time. Adjectives were independently rated using seven-point Likert 'speed' and 'energy' scales. Analyses showed that Type As rate adjectives low in speed and energy as less descriptive of time t...

It is conventional to recognise two dimensions of paradigmatic organisation in a morphological system. The inflected forms of a lexeme L make up the inflectional paradigms of L. The new lexemes that can be defined from the root of L form what is often, by extension, termed the derivational paradigm of L. Implicit in many traditional descriptions is a third subsystem, comprising the ‘principal p...

1 Last week: stochastic part-of-speech tagging Last week we reviewed parts-of-speech, which are linguistic categories of words. These categories are defined in terms of syntactic or morphological behaviour. Parts-of-speech for English traditionally include: Nouns are concrete or abstract entity; Pronouns substitute for nouns; Adjective modify nouns; Verbs are actions or states of being; Adverbs...

In recent years, theoretical and computational linguistics has paid much attention to linguistic items that form scales. In NLP, much research has focused on ordering adjectives by intensity (tiny < small). Here, we address the task of automatically ordering English adverbs by their intensifying or diminishing effect on adjectives (e.g. extremely small < very small). We experiment with 4 differ...

Despite their simple syntactic form, adjective-noun combinations seem to have no straightforward semantic method that parallels the simplicity of the syntax. This has led to the conventional belief that adjectives belong to a (semantically motivated) hierarchy. This has the consequence that a uniform treatment of adjectives is unattainable—without resorting to notions such as possible worlds, w...

This paper is devoted to a particular aspect of the interpretation of evaluative adjectives (marvelous, horrible), that is, adjectives that are compatible with subjective attitude verbs like find in the construction find x adj (e.g. find marvelous) and give rise to the so-called ‘faultless disagreement’ pattern. 1 Evaluative adjectives have often been claimed to manifest a strong, and even excl...

This article studies how a robot can learn nouns and adjectives in language. Towards this end, we extended a framework that enabled robots to learn affordances from its sensorimotor interactions, to learn nouns and adjectives using labeling from humans. Specifically, an iCub humanoid robot interacted with a set of objects (each labeled with a set of adjectives and a noun) and learned to predict...

The present paper addresses the question how in syntactic parsing the coverage of words in previously unseen text may be improved. The adjectives in English are presented here as a case study. Working on the assumption that most new words that are introduced into the language are constructed on the basis of already existing words through the application of word-formation processes, we investiga...

This paper describes a method for ranking a large list of adjectives according to a subjectivity score without resorting to any knowledge-intensive external resources (such as lexical databases, parsers or manual annotation). The method only requires a list of adjectives to be ranked and a small set of “seeds” (manually selected subjective adjectives). The subjectivity score is obtained by comp...

Three experiments are reported in which rapid sequential visual presentation of sentences--RSVP--was used to determine some perceptual processes in sentence perception. It was found that adjectives, when they are actually or potentially modifiers of a noun, are far less likely to be reported than any other part of the sentence. On the other hand, adjectives which are attribute adjectives are as...