The fundamental frequency in speech shows many rapid variations, part of which determine the perceived shape of the pitch contour. This implies that the accuracy with which listeners perceive changes of F0 is more relevant to understanding the perception of intonation than the traditional just noticeable difference of F0 in speech. This study examines the sensitivity to differences in the amoun...

OBJECTIVES Although elevated cardiac troponin T is caused by myocardial damage in the vast majority of the cases (primary cardiac causes), noncardiac disease with secondary damage to the myocardium (secondary cardiac causes) is being increasingly recognised. The present study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the frequency of primary cardiac and secondary cardiac causes of troponin-T positivity...

The malaria theme section of this issue of the Bulletin covers a wide range of topics, from combination therapy (pp. 1378–1388) and insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets (pp. 1389–1400) to the possible use of genetically modified Anopheles for vector replacement (pp. 1412–1423), from the use of geographical information systems in the planning, execution and monitoring of interventions (1401–141...

Although new invasive procedures for the treatment of migraine have evolved during the past decades, the application of invasive procedures for this indication is not new. In this review, the history of non-drug treatments for migraine is discussed. Historical texts by physicians known to have written on headache and migraine (hemicrania), well-known books by physicians from the main historical...

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression of cancer. The microenvironment may promote tumor cell survival and proliferation or, alternatively may induce tumor cell apoptosis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins, expressed on immune cells and epithelial cells, that recognize exogenous and endogenous macromole...

P. F. MacNeilage, M. G. Studdert-Kennedy, and B. Lindblom (1987) proposed a progression for handedness in primates that was supposed to account for the evolution of a right bias in human handedness. To test this proposal, the authors performed meta-analyses on 62 studies that provided individual data (representing 31 species: 9 prosimians, 6 New World monkeys, 10 Old World monkeys, 2 lesser ape...

Alan Pears originally trained as an engineer and educator. He was worked in the sustainable energy area since the late 1970s. During the 1980s, he worked for the Victorian government, implementing appliance energy labelling and dwelling insulation regulations, among many projects. Since 1991 he has been a consultant, and has been involved across the spectrum of energy efficiency issues, from de...

We show that Gentzen’s sequent calculus admits generalization of semi-terms of particularly simple form. This theorem extends one of the main results in [BS95] to languages L with functions of arbitrary arity and the central result in [KP88] to semi-terms.