We report the development of photoacoustic flowmetry assisted by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). This novel method employs HIFU to generate a heating impulse in the flow medium, followed by photoacoustic monitoring of the thermal decay process. Photoacoustic flowmetry in a continuous medium remains a challenge in the optical diffusive regime. Here, both the HIFU heating and photoacous...

The fireball, the promising model of the gamma-ray burst (GRB), is an opaque radiation plasma, whose energy is significantly greater than its rest mass. We numerically simulate the evolution of the fireball heated by the neutrinoantineutrino annihilation process for the spherically symmetric case. We also derive analytical energy and momentum deposition rates via neutrino scattering with therma...

This paper examines, by argument, the dynamics of sequences of behavioural choices made, when non-cooperative restricted-memory agents learn in partially observable stochastic games. These sequences of combined agent strategies (joint-policies) can be thought of as a walk through the space of all possible joint-policies. We argue that this walk, while containing random elements, is also driven ...

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Strong Cyclic Planning aims at generating iterative plans that only allow loops so far as there is a chance to reach the goal. The problem is already significantly complex for fully observable domains; when considering partially observable domains, even providing a formal definition is far from straightforward. In this work, we provide a formal definition of Strong Cyclic Planning under Partial...

Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increasing the temperature of apical kernels during the dry matter accumulation period would alter the difference in growth rate between apical and basal kernels. Apical regions of field-grown maize ...

background: the adjuvanticity potential of lactobacillus casei was first suggested in an old survey. the present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a new immunotherapy against breast cancer made by mixing an extract of heated 4t1 mammary carcinoma cell line and a heat-killed preparation of lactobacillus casei. methods: female balb/c mice (6–8 weeks old, n=40) were challenged subc...

BACKGROUND Heated breathing tubes were developed to improve heated humidification in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OBJECTIVES We wanted to investigate the influence of a heated breathing tube on patients' satisfaction with the treatment, the rate of side effects and the adherence to treatment. METHODS Eighty-eigh...

Oxidized unsaturated fatty acids may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we examined the effects of heated palm oil mixed with 2% cholesterol diet on serum lipid profile, homocysteine and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in estrogen-deficient rats. Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats were ovariectomized and then were divided equally ...