although passing the method of embryo donation to sterile spouses act in 2003 was a positive step toward regularizing one of assisted reproduction methods, but it may be criticized due to some vagueness in its content, lack of sanction, and referring many essential issues to bylaw.  one of the most important problems of this act is that it does not clarity parentage and the legal effects of emb...

Parentage analysis and individual identification are recent, promising methods that have been applied to evolutionary and ecological studies, as well as conservation management. Parental exclusion relying on polymorphic microsatellites has been used worldwide in parentage determination, while the low mutation rate and genotyping error rate of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) make them ano...

Civil Surgeon, Coorg I he loiiowmg case was unusual, m that tne maternity, as well as the paternity of a child was under dispute. The case was heard in the Criminal Court in Mercara on 10th June, 1941. Kengappa and his wife Chennamma claimed that their four-year-old son had been kidnapped a year previously by Syed Fakir and his wife Fathima Bee, who however stated that the boy was their own. Th...

In this study, microsatellite markers, developed for Alligator mississipiensis and Caiman latirostris, were used to assess parentage among individuals from the captive colony of Caiman latirostris at the University of São Paulo, in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Many of the females in the colony were full siblings, which made maternal identification difficult due to genotypic similarity. Even s...

The genus Narcissus belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae. This has been subject of numerous cytological and cytometric studies have shown enormous variation in terms genome size, ploidy level, even basic chromosome number. numbers are 5 or 7, but 10, 11, 12 recorded as well. Most narcissus cultivars euploid tetraploids. There also triploids. Some aneuploid such tetraploids triploids, with missi...

DNA variation from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (1, 2) has recently been helpful in addressing a wide range of evolutionary problems including the determination of paternity and maternity (3). It has been greeted with particular enthusiasm because it is fast, technically easy and requires little material (4). By using single 10 base primers of arbitrary sequences to amplify DNA wit...