Cysteine proteinases from the fruit and latex of plants, such as papaya, pineapple and fig, have previously been shown to have substantial anthelmintic efficacy, in vitro and in vivo, against a range of animal parasitic nematodes. In this paper, we describe the in vitro effects of these plant extracts against 2 sedentary plant parasitic nematodes of the genera Meloidogyne and Globodera. All the...

the number of bacteria per dauerjuvenile. Preliminary data established similar LD50s and LT50s for X. nematophilus subsp, nematophilus (from the DD 136 strain) and X. nematophilus subsp, nematophilus vat. mexicanus (from the Mexican strain). The absence of toxin production by either S.feltiae strain or bacterial types in a culture medium similar to the host's hemolymph has been reported (5,6). ...

Parasitic plants in the Scrophulariaceae invade the roots of neighboring plants in order to rob them of water and nutrients. A distinctive feature of these parasites is their ability to cue their development to small molecules released by host-plant roots. Evidence is continuing to emerge that parasite perception of host factors occurs via a redox-associated mechanism. Genes predicted to functi...

A simple method for atomic force microscopy (AFM) of nematode cuticle was developed to visualize the external topography of Helicotylenchus lobus, Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, and Xiphinema diversicaudatum. Endospores of two isolates of the nematode parasite, Pasteuria penetrans, adhering to M. incognita and X. diversicaudatum were also visualized and measured by this technique. Scanning...

Effects of live and dead (heat-killed) infective juveniles (IJs) of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae on nematodes associated with boxwood Buxus spp. were evaluated in field experiments during 1999 and 2000. Both living and dead IJs of S. carpocapsae were equally effective, causing more than 50% reduction in total populations of plant-parasitic nematodes relative to the cont...

Plants and animals produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to infection. In plants, ROS not only activate defense responses and promote cell death to limit the spread of pathogens but also restrict the amount of cell death in response to pathogen recognition. Plants also use hormones, such as salicylic acid, to mediate immune responses to infection. However, there are long-lasting bio...

Mutualistic ants are commonly considered as an efficient indirect defence against herbivores. Nevertheless, their indirect protective role against plant pathogens has been scarcely investigated. We compared the protective role against pathogens of two different ant partners, a mutualistic and a parasitic ant, on the host plant Acacia hindsii (Fabaceae). The epiphytic bacterial community on leav...

Plant-parasitic nematodes can affect seedling production in forest nurseries when host seedlings are developmentally vulnerable, nematode populations are high, or opportunistic pathogens are present. Soil fumigation has been important for plant-parasitic nematode control in forest nurseries. Regulatory changes and rising costs of fumigant application are expected to affect nursery pest manageme...

Root-knot nematodes represent one of the most important plant pathogens in Pomegranate cultivation regions. By studying structure plant-parasitic community inhabiting rhizosphere fields, it was found that