Differentiation between primary and secondary forms of mitral regurgitation poses a frequent and important clinical problem. In the primary variety of mitral incompetence, there is distortion of the valve leaflets, rupture or redundancy of the chordae tendineae, or papillary muscle rupture. Heart failure, if present at all in such cases, is assumed to be a consequence of the large regurgitant v...

A 63-year-old male presented with sudden onset chest pain and dyspnoea following a kick to the praecordium while gelding a horse. Transthoracic echocardiography showed evidence of flail tricuspid valve leaflets, severe tricuspid regurgitation and a widely patent foramen ovale with a right-to-left shunt. Due to progressive severe systemic hypoxemia the patient underwent emergent surgical interve...

OBJECTIVE To determine factors predictive of mortality in patients undergoing emergency mitral valve surgery in the setting of severe post-infarction regurgitation. METHODS Patients admitted for an acute myocardial infarction who required urgent mitral valve surgery for severe regurgitation were studied. Factors predictive of outcome were analysed. RESULTS Fifty-five consecutive patients (m...

Complications associated with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, such as acute pancreatitis, perforation, and fistula formation, have been documented. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with intratumoral hemorrhage is rare. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm rupture and bleeding with intra-abdominal hemorrhage...

SUMMARY Two dimensional echocardiography showed partial rupture of the trunk of the posteromedial papillary muscle after acute inferior myocardial infarction. The findings in this case suggest that partial rupture may be a harbinger of complete rupture. By virtue of its ability to visualise noninvasively detailed anatomy of cardiac structures in real-time format, two dimensional echocardiograph...