I show how to construct the likelihood function for the conditional maximum likelihood estimator in dynamic, unobserved effects models where not all conditioning variables are strictly exogenous. The method for handling the initial conditions problem appears to be novel, and offers a flexible, relatively simple alternative to existing methods.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

Efficiency measurement in public transport requires an adequate account of unobserved network characteristics that are typically modeled as factors separable from the production process. This paper proposes a panel data model that allows for nonseparable firm-specific heterogeneity in an input distance function. The proposed model is applied to a sample of German and Swiss urban transit compani...

This paper proposes a quantile regression estimator for a panel data model with interactive effects potentially correlated with the independent variables. We provide conditions under which the slope parameter estimator is asymptotically Gaussian. Monte Carlo studies are carried out to investigate the finite sample performance of the proposed method in comparison with other candidate methods. Th...

This paper models wages by exploiting a unique Finnish dataset. For both genders the data is divided into four income quartiles. A panel data model is estimated with the three degree polynomials of age, the duration of employment, and GDP growth as explanatory variables. Individual variation within a wage quartile is shown to be large and an important risk factor. The model provides predictors ...

After a commercial whaling moratorium was enacted in 1986, whale watching became one of the fastest growing tourism industries worldwide. As whaling is regarded as an activity that is incompatible with whale watching, the possible resumption of commercial whaling has caused an urgent need to investigate the potential negative effects of whaling on the whale-watching industry. We examine the pot...

This supplementary appendix contains proofs of some results contained in the paper. Specifically, Section S1 provides proofs of Theorem 4 and its corollary, concerning the asymptotic distribution of flexible random effects estimators. Section S1 also proves Theorem 5, its corollary, and Theorem 6 concerning the bias and the asymptotic distribution of estimated marginal effects. Section S2 prove...

This paper highlights the estimation and test procedures for multi-state Markov models with covariate dependences in higher orders. Logistic link functions are used to analyze the transition probabilities of three or more states of a Markov model emerging from a longitudinal study. For illustration purpose the models are used for analysis of panel data on Health and Retirement Study conducted i...

The study aims to analyze the effect of inflation, exchange rate, investment, and labor force participation on economic growth member countries in ASEAN region. This uses secondary panel data, namely data from ten 2000-2020. Sources obtained publications World Bank. analytical method used is regression fixed-effects model approach with a SUR cross-section weighted. indicates that increase can e...