OBJECTIVE To date, studies in the area of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS; including pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection [PANDAS] and pediatric infection-triggered neuropsychiatric disorder [PITAND]) have been relatively small and hence unable to comprehensively address questions of disease heterogeneity (e.g., by age, gen...

For many years Sydenham chorea (SC) has been considered the prototype of an autoimmune disorder triggered by an infectious agent. Nevertheless, despite its description more than 300 years ago by Thomas Sydenham, its defined association with rheumatic fever in 1838, and linkage to a preceding group A β-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection, there are numerous unanswered questions about the u...

Abstract Neuropsychiatric sequalae to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are beginning emerge, like previous Spanish influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome episodes. Streptococcal in paediatric patients causing obsessive compulsive disorder (PANDAS) is another recent example of an infection-based psychiatric disorder. Inflammation associated with neuropsychiatric disorders h...

Post streptococcal syndromes may manifest in multiple organs including the musculoskeletal, central nervous, urinary, integumentary, and circulatory systems. The commonly described post streptococcal syndromes include acute rheumatic fever, post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, post streptococcal arthritis, and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. Classically, these complications o...

Post streptococcal syndromes may manifest in multiple organs including the musculoskeletal, central nervous, urinary, integumentary, and circulatory systems. The commonly described post streptococcal syndromes include acute rheumatic fever, post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, post streptococcal arthritis, and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. Classically, these complications o...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Antineuronal antibodies have been implicated in tic and obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD) associated with group A streptococcal infections. We investigated antineuronal autoantibody levels as well as antibody-mediated neuronal cell signaling activity, as previously reported for Sydenham chorea and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with strepto...