The Wisconsin glaciation was started a approximately 125,000 years ago and reached its lowest extend between 20,000 to 21,000 years ago during which the sea level fell 120 to 130 meter. At the end of the ice age, about 18,000 years ago, the sea level increased and reached its present level about 5,000 years ago. The Persian Gulf was exposed in the last glacial moment (LGM). After this moment, t...

[1] The ocean’s role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide on glacial‐interglacial timescales remains an unresolved issue in paleoclimatology. Reduced mixing between deep water masses may have aided oceanic storage of atmospheric CO2 during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), but data supporting this idea have remained elusive. The dC of benthic foraminifera indicate the Atlantic Ocean was more ...

Recent advances in paleoclimatology have revealed dramatic long-term hydroclimatic variations that provide a context for limited historical records. A notable data set derived from a relatively dense network of paleoclimate proxy records in North America is the Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA): a gridded tree-ring-based reconstruction of summer Palmer Drought Severity Index. This index has b...

Time domain correlations of common features among relative paleointensity records from sedimentary cores are invaluable to paleomagnetism and paleoclimatology. Sediments with high accumulation rates might now provide millennial scale correlations of temporal variations in the geomagnetic dipole moment. Errors in the ages of paleomagnetic data samples however can make such correlations difficult...

We describe a strategy for development of chronological control in tropical trees lacking demonstrably annual ring formation, using high resolution O measurements in tropical wood. The approach applies existing models of the oxygen isotopic composition of alpha-cellulose (Roden et al., 2000), a rapid method for cellulose extraction from raw wood (Brendel et al., 2000), and continuous flow isoto...

Biology, geology, and paleoclimatology studies of coral reefs often rely on annual rates corallite extension determined from cores skeletal material recovered scleractinian corals. To examine how orientation within such may affect measured rates, we used high-resolution X-ray computed axial tomography (CT) to image a suite short Orbicella faveolata corals living in the northwest Gulf Mexico. Th...

The cause of the 100 kyr glacial–interglacial cycles during the past 800 kyr is one of the fundamental puzzles in paleoclimatology. The widely accepted Milankovitch theory, relating earth’s climate cycles to variations in insolation caused by periodic changes in orbital parameters, has difficulties to explain the predominant 100 kyr rhythm. Although earth’s eccentricity varies with a period of ...

Understanding the mechanisms by which widely disjunct members of a clade came to occupy their current distribution is one of the fundamental challenges of biogeography. Here, we used data from 7 nuclear and 1 mitochondrial gene to examine the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of Emys, a clade of turtles that is broadly disjunct in western and eastern North America and Europe. We found stro...