Abstract We provide a tight result for fundamental problem arising from packing disks into circular container: The critical density of in disk is 0.5. This implies that any set (not necessarily equal) total area $$\delta \le 1/2$$ ? ? 1 / 2 </...

Lithium cadmium phosphate glasses were prepared by melt quench technique. These glasses contain a mole % composition of x% Li2O-(50-x)% CdO-50%P2O5. The quantity x varies from 0-40 mole%. The physical properties reported in this paper are mass density ρ, modulus of rigidity η, coefficient of linear expansion α, transition temperature Tg, Softening temperature Ts, Oxygen packing density, Molar v...

     The model fluids containing hard ellipses (HEs) and Gay-Berne (GB) particles where their center is moving in one dimension and confined between two parallel walls with different interactions are investigated using Monte Carlo simulation, NVT ensemble. The dependency of fluid pressure with respect to the wall distances is studied. The oscillatory behaviors are seen in this quantity against ...

Foveal cone spacing was measured in vivo using an objective technique: ocular speckle interferometry. Cone packing density was computed from cone spacing data. Foveal cone photopigment density difference was measured in the same subjects using retinal densitometry with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Both the cone packing density and cone photopigment density difference decreased sharply with ...

DigiPac is a particle packing algorithm based on a digital approach to represent particle shape, packing space and particle movements. It is capable of packing particles of arbitrary shapes and sizes in a container of arbitrary geometry. A number of case studies have been performed to validate this digital approach, some of which are reported in this paper to show that with DigiPac shape factor...

Packing density is a permutation occurrence statistic which describes the maximal number of permutations of a given type that can occur in another permutation. In this article we focus on containment of sets of permutations. Although this question has been tangentially considered previously, this is the first systematic study of it. We find the packing density for various special sets of permut...

The theorem is at first surprising, since A has ( n+1 2 ) degrees of freedom, whereas v has only n degrees of freedom (for the explanation see the remark following the proof of Theorem 2). The problem arises from a question in communication theory (see §5), which calls for projections Λv with high packing density. Since both the determinant and minimal norm of a lattice are continuous functions...

The finite-difference time-domain method was employed to calculate light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip InGaN/GaN quantum well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with TiO2 microsphere arrays. The extraction efficiency for LEDs with microsphere arrays was investigated by focusing on the effect of the packing density, packing configuration, and diameter-to-period ratio. The comparison stu...

Although several models have been proposed to account for how cytoskeleton polymerization drives protrusion in cell motility, the precise mechanism remains controversial. Here, we show that, in addition to force exerted directly against the membrane by growing filaments, the way elongating filaments pack also contributes to protrusion by generating an expansion of the cytoskeleton gel. Tomograp...