Large scale decentralized communication systems have introduced the new trend towards online routing where routing decisions are performed based on a limited and localized knowledge of the network. Geometrical greedy routing has been among the simplest and most common online routing schemes. A perfect geometrical routing scheme is expected to deliver each packet to the point in the network that...

In this paper, we propose an adaptive geographic routing protocol, which is composed of two routing protocols. According to the topology of the network, the adaptive geographic routing protocol can select a suitable protocol to route a packet around a hole in the sensor network. Experimental results show that the adaptive geographic routing protocol can route a packet in a suitable path and sho...

Sensor networks in underwater environments face unique adverse conditions. In order to be functional, specialized routing protocols are required to route the data from source to destination. This paper surveys routing protocols for underwater sensor networks. The routing protocols are examined and compared with respect to the network conditions and quality measures such as packet delivery ratio...

Photonic packet switches offer high speed, data rate and format transparency, and flexihility required by future computer com­ munications and cell-based telecommunications networks. In this paper, we review experimental progress in state-of-the-art pho­ tonic packet switches with an emphasis on all-optical guided-wave systems. The term all-optical implies that the data portion of a packet rema...

A deployed wireless sensor network must be managed by an efficient and reliable routing protocol to overcome node degradation and failure, RF communication disruptions and limited energy reserves. RF transmissions are inherently broadcast. Existing research proposals for routing protocol designs typically use either flooding (routing same packet over all available paths) or selective broadcasti...

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has the characteristics limited computing, memory and energy, so a routing protocol that supports WSN network performance is needed. Routing protocols based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) are very suitable for use in data packets. In this report, we will try out several kinds of parameter values bear on pheromone evaporation (ρ) ACO algorithms applied to with grid t...

Unlike traditional routing schemes that route all traffic along the same path, multipath routing method split the traffic among several paths in order to ease congestion. It has been recognized by many that multipath routing can be fundamentally more efficient than the traditional approach of routing along single paths. Yet, in contrast to the single path routing approach, many research in the ...

In this paper we present the multistage oo-line routing model, a new and rather natural, way to model oo-line packet routing problems. With this model, the problem of oo-line packet routing reduces to the problem of nding edge disjoint paths on a multistage graph. The multistage oo-line routing model can model any kind of routing pattern on any graph. Furthermore, it incorporates the size of th...