A role for the cerebellum in cognition is controversial, but it is a view that is becoming increasingly popular. The aim of the current study was to investigate this issue using transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) during two cognitive tasks that require comparable motor skills, but different levels of working memory and attention. Three groups of twenty-two participants each performe...

Objective: This study examined the relationship between driving performance measures generated by a clinical virtual reality driving simulator (VRDS) and driving performance determined by a) a behind-the-wheel driving (BTW) evaluation and b) cognitive tasks relevant to driving. Methods: This study was conducted at an outpatient research setting and included twenty eight individuals: 18 with acq...

BACKGROUND Attention deficits are common post stroke and result in poorer functional outcomes. This study examined the frequency of attention deficits after incident stroke and their correlates. METHOD Attention of 94 stroke survivors was assessed using the Bells test, Trails Making Test A/B, 2.4- and 2.0-second trials of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), and Integrated Auditor...

AIMS To explore the involvement of a distraction task in involuntary reflex pelvic floor muscle contraction following cough. METHODS Informed consent was obtained from 33 healthy volunteers. Involuntary contraction of the external anal sphincter (EAS) was induced by means of coughing. Cough efforts were elicited by electronic order. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the EAS was recorded...

The Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) is a part of the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Quality of Life Inventory that assesses self-perceived cognitive difficulties. We used baseline data from 49 MS subjects participating in a clinical trial to evaluate the correlation of the PDQ with two measures of cognitive impairment, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and the California Verbal Le...

Many of the ever-growing elderly population require exercise, such as running, for health management. One important element of a runner’s training is the choice of shoes for exercise; shoes are important because they provide the interface between the feet and road. When we purchase shoes, we may instinctively choose a pair after trying on many different pairs of shoes. Selecting the shoes insti...

BACKGROUND After mild and moderate head injuries a range of postconcussion symptoms (PCS) are often reported by patients. Both organic and psychogenic factors can contribute to these. Full recovery from PCS usually occurs within three months of the injury. A significant minority, however, continue to experience symptoms beyond this time. To date, no means of identifying these patients early aft...

Cortical gray matter (GM) damage is now widely recognized in multiple sclerosis (MS). The standard MRI does not reliably detect cortical GM lesions, although cortical volume loss can be measured. In this study, we demonstrate that the gradient echo MRI can reliably and quantitatively assess cortical GM damage in MS patients using standard clinical scanners. High resolution multi-gradient echo M...

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To examine active inhibition of irrelevant stimuli and evaluate its neural basis using functional near infrared spectroscopy in patients with attention deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI). RESEARCH DESIGN Case control study. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Ten patients with TBI and 10 healthy control subjects participated in this study. The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Te...

Introduction Cognitive impairment (CI) affects 40-65% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Few studies address telematic cognitive stimulation (TCS) in MS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and impact of telestimulation or distance cognitive stimulation (TCS), with and without the support of face-to-face cognitive stimulation (FCS) in cognitive impairment in MS. Met...