Plasmids containing the foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein precursor (P1) and 3C protease genes or the P1 gene alone were expressed in Escherichia coli. A recombinant baculovirus containing the P1 gene was also generated and expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Expression of the P1 and 3C genes in E. coli resulted in efficient synthesis and processing of the structural protein...

For polytopes P1, P2 ⊂ R we consider the intersection P1 ∩ P2, the convex hull of the union CH(P1 ∪ P2), and the Minkowski sum P1 + P2. For Minkowski sum we prove that enumerating the facets of P1+P2 is NPhard if P1 and P2 are specified by facets, or if P1 is specified by vertices and P2 is a polyhedral cone specified by facets. For intersection we prove that computing the facets or the vertice...

The Cmr1 gene in peppers confers resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus isolate-P0 (CMV-P0). Cmr1 restricts the systemic spread of CMV strain-Fny (CMV-Fny), whereas this gene cannot block the spread of CMV isolate-P1 (CMV-P1) to the upper leaves, resulting in systemic infection. To identify the virulence determinant of CMV-P1, six reassortant viruses and six chimeric viruses derived from CMV-Fny a...

Twelve human C1 inhibitor P1 variants were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis of the codon for arginine 444 and were expressed in COS-1 cells to analyze the functional properties. The ability to bind to target proteases, as well as potential substrate-like behavior, was investigated with radioimmunoassays. The P1-Lys variant retained binding capacity toward C1s, plasmin, and kallikrein. I...

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is the type species of the newly established Poacevirus genus in the family Potyviridae. In this study, we demonstrate that in contrast to the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of Potyvirus species, the P1 proteins of TriMV and Sugarcane streak mosaic poacevirus function in suppression of RNA silencing (SRS). TriMV P1 effectively suppressed silencing induced by ...

where f ∈ L2(R) and g ∈ L∞(R), respectively f ∈ Lp1(R) and g ∈ Lp2(R), 1 < p1, p2 <∞. Their main result is the affirmative answer on the Calderon conjecture, first for p1 = 2, p2 = ∞ ([5]), then for p1, p2 ∈ (1,∞). Let 2/3 < p = p1p2 p1+p2 or p1 = 2, p2 = ∞ and p = 2. Then their main result is ||Hα(f, a)||Lp ≤ C||f ||Lp1 ||a||Lp2 , f ∈ L p1, a ∈ Lp2, where C > 0 depends on α, p1, p2. We refer t...

Background: Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) is a member of the genus Potyvirus that can be transmitted by seeds, causing serious losses in legume crop yields. Its genome consists of 3 peptidases-P1, HC-Pro, and NIa. Interestingly, only the P1 peptidase, localized on the N-terminal portion of the viral polyprotein, still remains without any concrete function on influencing viral infections. ...

Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytadhesin P1 was purified by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography followed by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal 18-amino-acid sequence of P1 was determined and used to design two synthetic oligonucleotides, a 14-mer corresponding to amino acids 1 to 5 and an 18-mer corresponding to amino acids 7 to 12. These oligo...

Two small satellites of Pluto, S/2005 P1 (hereafter P1) and S/2005 P2 (hereafter P2), have recently been discovered outside the orbit of Charon, and their orbits are nearly circular and nearly coplanar with that of Charon. Because the mass ratio of Charon-Pluto is ∼ 0.1, the orbits of P2 and P1 are significantly non-Keplerian even if P2 and P1 have negligible masses. We present an analytic theo...