Baseball players and other athletes who spend much of their time throwing a ball risk a variety of shoulder injuries because the repetitive motion causes repeated microtraumatic stress in the area. Injuries result from overuse of the muscles involved, improper technique—or both. The review that follows will help you zero in on the correct diagnosis and identify the treatment that’s best for you...

1. Overarm throws made with the nondominant arm are usually less accurate than those made with the dominant arm. The objective was to determine the errors in the joint rotations associated with this inaccuracy, and thereby to gain insight into the neural mechanisms that contribute to skill in overarm throwing. 2. Overarm throws from both left and right arms were recorded on different occasions ...

This thesis considers the control of clutches on the Double Pendulum Robot which allows the introduction of passivity into actuated joints. Considering the task of throwing using minimum energy, the goal is to throw a ball to a minimum desired distance. As this problem involves active and passive actuation, as well as inherent discontinuities due to the clutches, the control problem becomes dif...

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks high-speed power training on isometric contraction (handgrip strength), maximal strength (1RM), muscle power (walking velocity, counter movement jump and ball throwing) and functional tasks of the arm and leg muscles (sit-to-stand and get-up and go). Fifty-six older women were divided into an experimental group and a control group ...

The present study tested the conscious-control theory of the relationship between stress and performance. Performers under stress conditions consciously attempted to control their movements, disrupting the automaticity of control. Twenty-two male subjects (11 in Experiment 1 and 11 in Experiment 2) performed an underhand ball-throwing task using the non-dominant hand. The inter-trial variabilit...

The objective of this paper is to present systematic methods for throwing motion control of underactuated robots. The Pendubot, an underactuated two-link planar robot, is investigated as a dynamic model of the superior limbs for imitation of human throwing motion whose models are fundamentally underactuated in nature. The controller is designed based on input-output linearization and output zer...

In order to identify biomotor structures in elite female handball players, factor structures of morphological characteristics and basic motor abilities, and of variables evaluating situation motor abilities of elite female handball players (n = 53) were determined first, followed by determination of differences and relations of the morphological, motor and specific motor space according to hand...

Vision provides us with much information about distal spaces, and enables us to formulate expectations about how objects move. In this work, we consider how images, together with motor and performance data, can be used to form ”maps” or a holistic view of any motion. For example if the learner knows how to throw a ball, it may be able to use the map to see that it also applies to kicking, or ca...