Leishmaniases are serious parasitic diseases the etiological organisms of which are transmitted by insect vectors, phlebotominae sand flies. Two sand fly species, Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti, display remarkable specificity for Leishmania parasites they transmit in nature, but many others are broadly permissive to the development of different Leishmania species. Previous studies have su...

Leishmaniasis has long been known as a significant public health challenge in many parts of Iran. Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti are the vectors of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis respectively, and 5 species of sand flies including P. kandelakii, P. neglectus, P. perfiliewi, P. keshishiani and P. alexandri are considered as probable vectors of Zo...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania tropica represents a major public health problem its ability spread into non-endemic areas by means of vectors, and the associated dramatic psychosocial impact. The objective this work was compare intra extradomiciliary density, sex ratio gonotrophic stage sand flies from recent active focus in Morocco. This field study is based on need optimize effecti...

by Johannes Zschache " [D]ynamic models of multiparty competition, especially when voters care about a diverse set of issues, are analytically intractable. " (Laver and Sergenti 2012, 5) With different points of reference, 'analytical intractability' is a very common argument for the usage of computer simulations in the social sciences. But in contrast to many authors, the elaborations by Micha...

BACKGROUND Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) due to Leishmania major is increasing in many parts of Iran. This disease originally is a disease found in gerbils. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by sandflies that live and breed in gerbil burrows. Nested PCR amplified Leishmania ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene in both main reservoir host "Rhombomys opimus" and in the "Phlebotomus papatasi" main vect...