Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) oxygenates arachidonic acid (AA) and the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonylethanolamide to prostaglandins, prostaglandin glyceryl esters, and prostaglandin ethanolamides, respectively. A structural homodimer, COX-2 acts as a conformational heterodimer with a catalytic and an allosteric monomer. Prior studies have demonstrated substrate-select...

• BACKGROUND Many benefits and adverse effects of positioning are related to changes in ventilation and perfusion. A number of unique factors related to the allograft make the effects of positioning difficult to determine in single-lung transplant recipients. • OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of 3 body positions (supine, lateral with allograft lung down, and lateral with native lung down) on...

Changes in cerebral blood oxygenation and flow during prolonged activation of human visual cortex (6-min video projection) were monitored using high-resolution T2*- and T1-weighted gradient-echo MRI in identical sessions. Oxygenation-sensitive recordings displayed an initial signal increase (oxygenation "overshoot"), a subsequent signal decrease extending over 4-5 min (relative deoxygenation), ...

Many experimental and clinical solid tumors are known to exhibit poor oxygenation and high interstitial fluid pressure, 5 (IFP) in comparison to normal surrounding tissues. Oxygenation and IF? in addition to abnormal blood flow influence the response of tumors to various therapies and are also important for development and progression of malignant growth. Hydralazine (HYZ) is an arteriolar vaso...

The purpose of this article is to review literature related to hyperbaric oxygenation and wound healing. The article discusses the role of oxygen in wound healing, as well as the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation to promote wound healing, and focuses on the use of hyperbaric oxygenation to treat foot wounds in patients with diabetes. A review of salient literature to support the use of hyperbar...

Many tumors contain extensive regions of hypoxia. Because hypoxic cells are markedly more resistant to killing by radiation, repeated attempts have been made to improve the oxygenation of tumors to enhance radiotherapy. We have studied the oxygenation of tumor xenografts in nude mice after treatment with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor L744,832. Hypoxia was assessed by measuring the binding o...

The precise role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise has been challenging to define in humans, partly because of the limited techniques available for measuring blood flow in active muscle. Recent studies using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to measure changes in tissue oxygenation have provided an alternative method to evaluate vas...

This article provides a review of cerebral tissue oxygenation during immediate transition after birth in human neonates. Recommended routine monitoring, especially if resuscitation is needed, during this period includes arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate measured by pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram. However, there is increasing interest to monitor in addition with near-infrared spect...

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been frequently used to assess intra-muscular oxygenation past few decades. In recent years, refinement of NIRS hardware and algorithms used to convert changes in optical absorption to changes in concentration improved the validity of oxygenated haemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhaemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin (Mb) and the oxidised copper compound of cytochrome aa3 , (c...

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) improves oxygenation in term and near-term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and decreases the need for treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This mode of treatment is currently being introduced in Malaysia. We report our preliminary experience using low dose inhaled nitric oxide (20 parts per million) in three n...