Injury is the most under-recognized public health problem facing the world community (Theriault and Lachance 1998). In addition to being an enormous public health issue, injuries continue to usurp limited healthcare financial resources (Bauman and Owen 1999). Sports and recreational injuries are a significant public health problem (Bauman and Owen 1999). With an increase in physical activity pa...

A thermodynamics-based damage mechanics rate dependent constitutive model is used to simulate experiments conducted on thin layer eutectic Pb/Sn solder joints. As compared to previous implementations of the model here we correct the difficulties introduced by the slow convergency rate of the Owen and Hinton (Owen, D.R.J., Hinton, E., 1980. Finite Element in Plasticity. Pineridge Press Limited, ...