Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of stem bark of Terminalia glaucescens on the eggs and larval stages of Haemonchus contortus of sheep. Methods: The eggs were exposed for 24 hours in five different concentrations (625, 1250, 2500, 3750 and 5000 μg/ml) of methanol, hot water (decoction) and cold water extracts at room temperature (25 ̊C). Distilled ...

In this paper, we assessed the suitability of using the neonicotinoid imidacloprid with standard ovitraps by evaluating the ovicidal properties of imidacloprid and its influence on the oviposition response of gravid females of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae). First, we calculated the imidacloprid lethal dose 99 (LD(99)) by exposing third instar larvae of the target speci...

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) established diagnosis and treatment guidelines for pediculosis in 2002. Ideally, diagnosis should be based on the observation of a live louse. The presence of nits is also used by many people to positively diagnose an infestation, although a nit located farther from the scalp than 1 cm is unlikely to be viable. Other material on the scalp may be mistaken...

Interspecific variations in the susceptibility of freshly and embryonated eggs of Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. atropalpus and Culex pipiens were tested against three classes of insect growth regulators (IGRs) including ecdysone agonist (azadirachtin), chitin synthesis inhibitor (diflubenzuron) and juvenile hormone analog (pyriproxyfen) at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0ppm concentrations. Egg ha...

A spot-on metaflumizone formulation was evaluated to determine its adulticidal efficacy, effect upon egg production, and ovicidal activity when applied to flea infested cats. Eight male and eight female adult domestic shorthair cats were randomly assigned to either serve as non-treated controls or were treated topically with a minimum of 40mg/kg metaflumizone in single spot-on Day 0. On Days -2...

Pesticides are widely used in producing food to control pests. However, it has been determined that synthetic pesticides present severe toxicity (residual), while they also result environmental contamination and development of high-level resistance some insect species. Due this, these susbtances have banned or restricted many countries, which reduced the number agrochemicals can be for pest con...

As a consequence of the negative impacts on the environment of some insecticides, discovery of eco-friendly insecticides and target has received global attention in recent years. Sequence alignment and structural comparison of the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) revealed differences between lepidopteran pests and other organisms, which suggested insect HMGR could be a selective in...