BACKGROUND Many infectious diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing world, could be preventable through vaccination. The effort to produce safe, thermally stable, and needle-free mucosal vaccines has become increasingly important for global health considerations. We have previously demonstrated that a thermally stable nanoemulsion, a mucosal adjuvant...

Introduction: Since confirming as new impacts 19 of the 20 dark spots on Mars detected by [1], ~50 additional new impact sites have been confirmed by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) following their discovery by the Context camera, both on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These impact events have probably occurred within the last decade or so, as indicated by the absence ...

Aim. Analysis of used bits revealed the effect when tungsten carbide insert cutter was scrolling around its axis. Therefore, task to study causes this phenomenon. Hardness measured followed by setting hardness distribution gradient in section hole, order evaluate strength parameters steel zone hole. Method. Applying a well-tested method, namely method successive approximations, we determined es...

Each of NASA’s Space Shuttles employs 38 position reaction control system (PRCS) thrusters to control attitude and position while on-orbit. If a chip occurs in its protective ceramic coating, burn-through could occur, thus creating a potentially hazardous situation. Currently, these thrusters are manually inspected using conventional visual methods. When a chip is found, a rubber replica is mad...

Delayed coke drums are operated under severe conditions of cyclic heating and forced cooling that apply repetitive thermal stresses to the drum walls. It has long been recognized that the ultimate failure mechanism for coke drums is weld cracking due to low cycle fatigue caused by these thermal stresses. It is also known that coke drums distort and bulge in service and that these bulges can be ...

Tubular products in pipe mills are produced by different methods in wide range of sizes and materials for various applications . From simple ERW steel tubes to high quality and expensive seamless tubes, depending on the application, different NDT techniques are used extensively. All these tests are implemented to fulfil the required specification or standard as well as for condition monitoring ...

Antennas which are fed by a “shunt” or other method in which a part of the antenna comprises a portion of an electrically small one-turn loop, so that the feed is in essence a sort of autotransformer, are quite common, particularly at frequencies above 10 megahertz. Shunt feed arrangements for grounded vertical tower radiators, such as those used for medium wave broadcasting, are less common. A...