We comment on non-cooperative and cooperate approaches to distributive (divide-the-cake) bargaining. We first review the challenges addressed by the seminal literature on two-person bargaining and threeperson bargaining. We then explore more recent developments on dynamic multi-player bargaining over distributive policies, both over a single decision, and over an infinite sequence of decisions ...

In this issue, Beaulac and colleagues (page 399) tell us that physical activity is beneficial not only for physical conditioning but also for morale.1 They base this affirmation on the results of a Cochrane systematic review of the literature2 published in 2009 and of a controlled clinical study3 comparing the effects of physical activity with the effects of antidepressants. Even if the conclus...

Researchers seem to be stuck reiterating the now-familiar argument that barren boxes are bad for welfare and that rodents are due ethical consideration. But the prerequisites for real progress are new kinds of arguments, new types of data, and removal of very real practical and cultural obstacles to implementation of meaningful enrichment. We must discover what we have to do to effectively chan...

alcium just got a promotion. Findings by Caroppo et al. (page 111) reveal that in addition to its many roles inside the cell, Ca 2 ϩ has a distinct extracellular purpose: it acts via a Ca 2 ϩ receptor (CaR) to regulate the function of gastric epithelial cells. It has been known for some time that extracellular Ca 2 ϩ can be sensed by the CaR. The team noted that a Ca 2 ϩ gradient was generated ...

Background: In embryological culture dishes, there is a temperature decline when they are removed outside incubators. This study aimed at investigating the effects of this temperature decline within a certain time frame, the type of culture dish with or without the use of laminar air flow and whether it is possible to achieve a sufficient thermal control with the use of a heating stage. Materia...

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of outside board on rm value in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) from the perspective of information transaction costs. To do so, a sample of 96 firms listed in TSE is selected to be studied during the period of 2003-2012. Tobin q ratio is used to measure rm's value and bid-ask spread for information transaction costs. In addition to these variable...